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1、英语词性的分类及用法,词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。,形容词在句子中的位置,作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词前。 a big yellow wooden wheel .,作表语时放在连系动词之后。 The price sounds reasonable.,作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。 We must try our best to keep our environment clean.,后置的情况： 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。 Something serious has happened to him. 与表示“长、宽、高、重、
2、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。 Hes 1.8 metres tall.,副词,副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的词,一、副词的位置 在许多情况下，副词都放在所修饰的动词后面或句末。 The girl dances very well. 2.有时也放在主语后面，谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。 He angrily closed the door. 3.句中的副词如碰上助动词，be动词，则通常放在助动词，be动词之后，实义动词之前 We have already read the book.,二.副词的分类,1、 时间和频度副词: now
3、, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday.,2、 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, b
4、ack, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3、方式副词: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly,4、 程度副词，放在被修饰词之前: much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, en
5、ough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly. 5、 疑问副词： how, when, where, why. 6、关系副词： when, where, why. 7、连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether.,系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。,1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词， 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest
6、, remain, stay, lie, stand,3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意,1.表示地点位置的介词 at ,in, on, to, above, over, below, under, in front
7、of, in the front of, beside，behind 2.表示时间的介词 in , on，at, after, from, since, 时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要用in , 具体日子要用on , 遇到几号也用on ,上午下午得是in , 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 , 午夜黄昏用at ,黎明用它也不错 ,at用在时分前 ,说“差”可要用上to ,说过要用past,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。,二）主语：,
8、主语 (Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事. 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词等表示。例如：,1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 6.The rich should help the poor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（,（名词化的形容词）
9、,（三）谓语,谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.,（三）谓语,2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如： Do you speak English？ They are working in
10、 a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,（四）表语,表语(Predicative) 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The wea
11、ther has turned cold. （形容词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）,8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over. （副词）,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, sta
12、nd, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,
13、 run.例如：The river was beginning to run dry. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达结果是;证明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.,（五）宾语,宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many d
14、ictionaries do you have? I have five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. .,（名词化形容词，名词）,宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如： He sent the novel to Willi
15、am yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.,（六）宾语补足语,宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，
16、make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,1.His father named him Xiaoming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. . 6.We found everything in the lab in good order.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（介词短语）,（七）定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。 定语可由以下等成分表示： 1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 2.He is now on the way home(adv,) 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词） 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）,7.He is readin
