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1、Past participle (3)used as Adverbial 过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的_。,过去分词作表语时，与_构成系表结构，强调主语所处的状态。,后面,Revision,过去分词作 定语 表语 宾补的用法,过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上_关系，即被动关系.,系动词,动宾,前面,with + n. 再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此,该题应选C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C
2、. be spoken D. to speak 简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句 which is spoken。,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析: 该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句who were invited。,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popula
3、r among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being
4、written D. written 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句which were written。,二：过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：,1. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,Seen from the hill,1. 时间状语, 可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等.,2. Dont speak until you are spoken to.,Until spoken to,3. When
5、it is heated, ice will be changed into water.,When heated, ice will be changed into water.,2.原因状语,1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.,Greatly touched by the teachers words,2. As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know
6、 what to do.,Surprised at what happened,3. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.,Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.,3.条件状语,1. If we were given more time, we could do it much better.,Given more time,2. If it is heated to a high temperature, water will cha
7、nge into vapour.,Heated to a high temperature,3.If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.,Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.,4. 让步状语,1. Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.,Though warned of the storm,2. Even if Im in
8、vited, I wont take part in the party.,Even if invited,3.Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey, we continued our journey.,Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.,5. 方式、伴随状语相当于and连接的并列结构,1. The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of stude
9、nts.,Followed by a group of students,The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.,2.The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.,She sat by the window, lost in thought.,3.She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一种迷失心理状态,When he was asked why he didnt do it, he beg
10、an to cry. If I am given more time, Ill catch up with you. Because he was born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,When asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.,Given more time, Ill catch up with you.,Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.,(时
11、间),(条件),(原因),用过去分词修改下列句子,4.Although they had been defeated many times, they continued to fight. 5.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.,Although defeated many times, they continued to fight.,The teacher stood there ，surrounded by the students.,(让步),(伴随),三：过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被
12、动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式(having been done)或过去分词(done)。,attention,1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了) 2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了),Compare,（伴随）,（伴随）,3. 从上面看, 体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ fro
13、m the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 _ the book
14、, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 _ at her, he jumped with joy. _ at by her, he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,visiting,visited,Seeing,Seen,穿着白衣服，她看起来真美。 团结一致，我们巍然挺立；各自为政，我们一事无成。,Dressed in white, she looks really pretty.,United, we stand; divided, we fall.,【注意】 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主
15、语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。 2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,Summary,If caught， the police will punish the thief 。,If caught ，the thief will be punished by the police。,注意: 用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致, 否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构.,All our savings go
16、ne, we started looking for jobs. 2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.,(),3).过去分词作状语时，其前可以带相应的连词，如when，though， as if ，if ，unless，until，once，等 Though told to stop，the two girls kept on talking at the meeting Once lost ，such a chance might never come again。,generally speaking一般说来, given鉴于, judging from/by根据来看, judged by considering考虑到,
