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1、英汉翻译教程,WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF TRANSLATION!,1. The history of translation,1.1 the story in the Bible,Tower of Babel,Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heaven, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole ea
2、rth.”,王国维（1877年1927年）,1.2 the earliest translation in Egypt,3000 BC,1.3 the history of translation In China,The translation of Buddhist scripture from East Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty. The translation of science and technology works from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty. The translation of We
3、stern natural science and social science works (1840-1919) The mass translation since 1978.,Famous translators of Fujian origin: 林纾、严复、辜鸿名、林语堂、冰心、郑振铎、张培基、朱纯深、陈羽纶、余光中 福建翻译家研究林本椿 主编， 福建教育出版社，2004,What is translation?,Discuss with your partners: How do you perceive translation? As a language activity?
4、As an art? As a kind of cross-cultural communication? As a job? As a subject? Why?,Understanding,A language activity: one of the five skills in learning English An art: the processes as well as the product Communication: translation or die Job: for some people, it is a job Subject: to learn translat
5、ion theory and skills, it is no doubt a science. Translation is also a good way to develop your own language, both native and foreign language.,2. the nature of translation,“transfer of a text from a source language into a text in target language, the objective being a perfect equivalence of meaning
6、 between the two texts.”(Tanke ,1976),2. the nature of translation,Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural interaction based on a source text. （Nord：2001）,2. the nature of translation,Translation is a science/ an art/ a craft/ a skill/ an operation/ a cross-linguist
7、ic communication/ a cross-cultural communication/,2. the nature of translation,Translation means translating meanings(Nida). ,3 the rules of translation,Alexander Fraser Tytlers 3 principles(1797) : The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work. The style and man
8、ner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.,Yanfu (1898): faithfulness, fluency and elegance,3.3Eugene A. Nida: “Theory of Equivalent Effect”,3.4 Hans practise more; think more; discuss more,Discussio
9、n,What do you think translation is? What do you think is the role of translators?,8.Lexical Comparison of English and Chinese,8.1 The meaning of words: 8.1.1 equivalent: proper nouns and scientific terms such as “radar, New York, leukemia” objects or ideas which exit in both languages: the sun; hand
10、; bike; airport,8.1.2 Partly overlapped: Pull and 拉,Cat 猫 She is a cat.她是个心地狠毒的女人。 Parent “父亲或母亲”，“养父或养母” I have no experience as a parent.,Ex.,Under federal law, Medigap policies are policies that are specifically designed to complement your Medicare benefits. Breaking the glass ceiling, the regula
11、tion makes it easier for women to move into senior management positions.,It is a common practice in America for publishers to send a professor a desk copy if the professor chooses a book they have published as a coursebook in a university.,Wife: 妻子，夫人，太太，老婆，爱人(cf: lover) Cousin: 堂兄弟，堂姐妹，表兄弟，表姐妹等,Ex.
12、Decide the meaning of “cousin”:,In the middle of all his work, Peter Jefferson fell in love with Jane Randolph, a 19-year-old cousin of Williams and in 1739 married her. In 1737, when Peter Jefferson was 30 years old, he and his friend William Randolph travelled up the James River and followed a bra
13、nch of it,Teenager#青少年（ Intellectual#知识分子 Scholar# 学者（,8.1.3 No equivalence due to cultural gap: pulk ： a.Coinage ( 创造法):龙舌兰酒 b.Transliteration + note (音译加注)：pulk葡克水，一种墨西哥人常喝的龙舌兰汁饮料。 White meat:白色肉类（颜色较浅的肉，如小牛肉、鸡肉、火鸡的胸脯肉等，别于牛肉、鹿肉、羊肉等红色肉类而言） Red meat:红色肉类（颜色较深的肉，如牛肉、鹿肉、羊肉等，别于鸡肉、野兔肉、猪肉、小牛肉等白色肉类而言）,Woo
14、pie (well-off older people):富有的老年消费者 Commuter “家住郊区，乘车到市内上班的人”“上班族” Telecommuters:指在home office 中借助电话、传真、电脑等现代化通讯手段与客户或公司保持联系的人，也称为soho 一族，开领一族。 月光女神 是汉语中一个带上时代和文化烙印的词（culturaly-loaded word）,Predator: an animal that kills and eats other animals（猎食：食肉+食虫）*食肉动物 Prey: an animal that is eaten and hunted
15、 by other animals 被食动物 （食草动物） Scavenger: an animal that eats anything it can find-dogs scavenging through the dustbins,（食腐动物）*食尸动物（因为有的不杀生）,In the end I had to have a caesarean, which just knocked me for six.,8.1.4 false friends:,Fat farm 脂肪农场; Love child 爱子 Small business 小生意 Riot Police 暴乱警察 Fire department 纵火部门 Letterman 邮差 Have a change of heart心脏移植 Rest room 休息室 House slave 房奴,
