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1、首字母填空 第二讲 “s_” 是第三句的主语, 结合 have 判断为 students; “ h_ 是give 的宾语, 判断为him ; “ p_” 的内容是 cards, note-books , 所以判断为名词presents; “ t_” 是介词among 的宾语, 应为them ; “ m_” 处于be done by 的结构中, 应为过去分词made; “h_” 位于情态动词will 之后, 应为动词原形help; “t_” 是remember 的宾语, 并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time “t_” 是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they; “p_” 是hav
2、e的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以是名词party “s_” 前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say,Years ago, mobile phones were rather e_1_. Only important people and people w_2_ a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly reduced, and mobile phones come in small size and d_3_ colors. So more and more people,_4_ s
3、chool students, have them in their hands. It is t_5_ that it is an easy way to keep in touych with friends at any time and in any places.But in places like clssrooms,movie theatred and museums,where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low v_6_,we can also hear mobile phones ringing.Some drivers ha
4、ve accidents for using mobile phones while d_7_.W_8_ of all,some studenys who cant p_9_ their phone bills do something illegal(不合法的) to get the money.So,are mobile phones r_10_ a good thing?,5.true 6.voice 7.driving 8.worst 9. pay 10. really,PART 02,句子成分篇,例句:,I】【played】a【red】【basketball】【yesterday i
5、n the house】 主 谓 定 宾 状,I是主语，发出动作的人或物。,play是谓语，就是一个动词，动词包括行为动词如play,go,listen就是一个动作，还包括be动词即am is are been,basketball就是宾语，宾语就是行为动词后面的那个词（就是动作的承受者）,yesterday是时间状语，in the house 是地点状语 状语可以表结果，时间，地点，状态，原因，目的,red按词性划分是形容词，按句子成分划分就是定语，修饰baskeball,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。 句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间
6、接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分.表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。,一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。大多数主语都在句首。,The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It
7、 is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语),(1) 对主语的判断,1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our school in August. ( science) 4. _ is my favourite sport. ( fish
8、 ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）； 动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（、）。,二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He can speak German. We study English. He
9、 fell asleep.,(2) 对谓语的判断,John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman began r_ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your fat
10、her was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” Key: came asked answered ringing turned said say isnt 分析：语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。 谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。 当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。,begin to do和begin doing
11、可以互换，但在以下三种情况下，用to do: （1）. 主语不是指人，而是it等。如:It began to rain. （2）. begin后接表示心理活动的词。如:begin to know ， believe， wonder， think等。 （3）. begin本身是ing形式，为避免重复后接to do 即beginning to do,三、表语（predicative）:表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置于系动词后面 。 形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My
12、 father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.,常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， fee
13、l(感觉) . It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.,(3) 对表语的判断,It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3.
14、 Petter is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ） 5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，
15、名词, 介词短语。动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。,三、宾语,1)动作的承受者动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句),2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow,
16、 there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.,口诀：这个值（直）钱的宝物，人见（间）人爱！,(3) 对宾语的判断,1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghaiafter his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 3. At last he sold his _. (
