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1、1,科技英语翻译,2,第一讲,科技英语简介及其特点,3,The Definition of EST (English for Science a sequence of sentences Paratactic structure (流水结构),116,翻译过程,1. A thorough understanding of the original sentence 理解原句 2.appropriate translation methods involved 翻译方法 3. checking (content; language) 检查,117,Translation Methods for
2、 Translation of Long, Complex Sentences in EST科技英语长难句翻译方法,118,1. 顺译法,E.g. 1) Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthet
3、ic substances, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the greatest use in the field which it is to be applied. 许多人造材料正在取代天然材料,这或者因为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长的需要,或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中,甚至受到极大重视,因而使得它会在准备加以采用的领域获得最大量的重视。,119,1. 顺译
4、法,2) No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amper
5、es. 交流机不受这种限制,唯一的要求是相对移动,而且由于固定电枢和旋转磁场有很多优点,这种安排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的标准做法。,120,2. 逆序法,e.g. 3) Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonic, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏,形状弄得多么不规则,一旦用超声波处理后,就可以被
6、洗得干干净净,甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。,121,2. 逆序法,4) Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 由于铝总是和其他元素- 最常见的是氧(因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力)- 结合在一起,所以在自然界任何地方都
7、找不到处于游离状态的铝, 因而直到19世纪才为人们所知道。,122,3. 分译法/拆译,E.g. 5) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 宇宙膨胀学说虽然听似奇特,但它是基
8、本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论,在科学上看来是可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。,123,3. 分译法/拆译,6) The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. 一个结构受到的载荷可以分为静载和动载两类。静
9、载包括该结构各部分的重量。动载则是由于人和可移动设备等的重量而引起的载荷。,124,4. 综合法,7) With the advent of the space shuttle, it will be possible to put an orbiting solar power plant in stationary orbit 24000 miles from the earth that would collect solar energy almost continuously and convert this energy either directly to electricity
10、 via photovoltaic cells or indirectly with flat plate or focused collectors that would boil a carrying medium to produce steam that would drive a turbine that then in turn would generate electricity.,125,4. 综合法,7) 随着航天飞机的出现,有可能把一个沿轨道运行的太阳能发电站送到离地球24000英里的一条定常轨道上去。这个太阳能发电站几乎不间断地采集太阳能。它还能够用光电池将太阳能直接转换
11、成电能,或者用平板集热器或聚焦集热器将太阳能转换成电能,即集热器使热传导体汽化,驱动涡轮机发电。,126,4. 综合法,8) The super-cooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. 低温学的过冷作用将
12、液态氦及某些气体变成 “超流体”,将某些金属变成 “超导体”, 使它们没有电阻,从而可以用许多方法改变世界面貌。,127,Group Work,Translation Practice in Class,128,If such alloys possess other properties which make them suitable for die casting, they are obvious choices for the process, because their lower melting point will lead to longer die lives than w
13、ould be obtained with alloys of higher melting points. 如果这类合金具有使它们适于压铸的其他性能，它们显然可以被选来用于压铸，因为它们熔点较低，比起高熔点合金来可以延长压铸模寿命。,拉模铸造,磨具寿命,Sample 1,129,Scientists are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the earths crust move, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general pr
14、obability that given place will have an earthquake, although they still cannot predict earthquake. 尽管科学家仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中的大板块如何运动，板块间的压力如何，地震如何发生，某地区发生地震的一般概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。,130,Sample 2,Construction materials are generally solid materials or harden into solid materials. They can be grouped into three fu
15、ndamental types: (1) ceramics, which are made from such materials as clay, (2) metals, which are extracted from ores, (3) organic materials, which with the exception of wood and bitumens are largely a relatively recent development.,131,1. 结构材料通常都是固体材料或者凝结后成为固体材料。 2. 结构材料可分为三种基本类型：陶瓷、金属、有机材料。 3. 陶瓷是像
16、粘土那样材料的制品。 4. 金属是从矿中提取。 5. 有机物除木料和沥青外大部分都是较近才开发出来的材料。,132,结构材料通常都是固体材料或者凝结后成为固体材料，可分为三种基本类型：陶瓷、金属、有机材料。陶瓷是像粘土那样材料的制品，金属是从矿中提取而来，有机物则除木料和沥青外大部分都是较近才开发出来的材料。,133,Sample 3,For chemists, physicists, material scientists, astronauts and dreamers across the globe, / the space elevator/ represents the most tantalizing逗人的，惹弄人的，撩人的，煽情的 of concepts:/ cables stronger and lighter than any fiber yet woven,/ tethered练栓,拘束 to the ground / and disappearing beyond the atmosphere to a satellite docking s
