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1、第十一届“挑战杯”全国大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛重庆参赛作品 作品名称： 三峡库区腹地水体微生物污染调查及其风险评价 申报者姓名 （集体名称）： “三峡库区水体微生物污染监测”课题组 类别：自然科学类学术论文 哲学社会科学类社会调查报告和学术论文 科技发明制作A类 科技发明制作B类 报送方式：省级报送作品高校直送作品第十一届“挑战杯”全国大学生课外学术科技竞赛作品三峡库区腹地水体微生物污染调查及其风险评价Microbial Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment of Waters in the Three Gorges Reservoi
2、r Area作者：“三峡库区水体微生物污染监测”课题组指导教师：肖国生地址：重庆市万州区沙龙路二段780号 邮编：404000中文摘要对库区水体微生物污染调查和风险评估有助于了解其水质卫生状况。08年3月、78月和11月从万州、云阳、开县和忠县的21个监测点共采集40份水样，用平板菌落计数法和多管发酵法分别测定水样的细菌总数和总大肠菌群数，结合水体接触问卷调查，用-泊松模型对水样大肠杆菌感染概率进行初步评价。结果发现， 89.5%（34/38）为极不清洁水，10.5%为不清洁和不太清洁水。根据国家地表水环境质量标准判断，28.9%（11/38）为V类、7.9%（3/38）为IV类、26.3%（
3、10/38）为III类、26.3%（10/38）为II类、10.5%（4/38）为I类。主要表现为排污口附近的江河水和经城的河水污染较重，污水处理厂下游、城郊支流和远离排污口的江水污染较轻，而不同季节对细菌总数的影响大，对总大肠菌群数没影响。调查发现，两岸居民接触江水的主要方式为游泳，占调查人数的19.64，接触江水后平均每人误摄入水量为28.4 mL，其健康主诉主要症状表现为皮肤红疹发痒（21.4%）、消化道症状（9%）、眼感染（7.1%）、耳感染（5.4%）。大肠杆菌感染风险初步评价发现，监测水体属IIII类地表水的大肠杆菌感染概率在1.810-92.810-7间；属IV和V类的感染概率在
4、4.87.210-7及以上。研究表明，长江两岸的排污口和经城的长江支流对三峡水库的微生物污染较大，应采取相应措施。关键词：三峡库区；细菌总数；总大肠菌群；风险评价英文摘要Abstract: Microbiological monitoring and risk assessment of the Three Gorges Water Reservoir conduces to the understanding of the public health state of its water quality. 40 water samples were collected from 21 mon
5、itoring sites located at Wanzhou, Yunyang, Kaixian, Zhongxian in March, July to August, November in 2008, respectively. The total bacteria (mL-1) and the Coliform (L-1) in water samples were detected using flat-panel and multi-barrel fermentation methods, respectively. Combining questionnaires of ex
6、posure to the waters, the beta-Poisson model was used to assess the probability of E. coli infection in monitoring waters. The results showed that 89.5% (34/38) water samples were the very dirty water, 10.5% were the dirty water and not so clean water. According to the national surface water environ
7、mental quality standards, 28.9% (11/38), 7.9 % (3/38), 26.3% (10/38), 26.3% (10/38), and 10.5% (4/38) of water samples belonged to V, IV, III, II and I-class water quality, respectively. The surface waters in the vicinity of sewage effluents and rivers across the city were severely polluted, and the
8、 surface waters away from sewage effluents and in the downstream of sewage treatment plants and the rivers across suburb were slightly polluted. The total bacteria were significantly affected and the total coliform was not affected by seasons. The survey of exposure to waters showed that 19.64% of i
9、nquired people exposed the waters by swimming. 28.4 mL water was swallowed per person. The exposed persons had 21.4% skin health complaints; 9% gut complaints; 7.1% eye complaints; and 5.4% ear complaints. According to E. coli risk assessment, the probability of E. coli infection of monitoring water
10、s belonged to I to III and IV to V class water was 1.810-92.810-7, 4.87.210-7, respectively. The researches manifested that the Three Gorges Water Reservoir is polluted by the sewerages and urban branches and the protected measures should be adopted.Keywords: Three Gorges Reservoir Area; Total Bacteria; Coliform; Risk Assessment目 录前言11 材料与方法11.1 培养基11.2 采样时间11.3 采样方法21.4 采样点21.5 细菌总数和总大肠菌群数的测定21.6 水体污染程度的分析21.7 大肠杆菌感染风险初步评价32 结果42.1 不同季节监测点水样细菌总数检测结果42.2 不同季节监测点水体总大肠菌群数检测结果42.3 三峡水库两岸居民水体接触的问卷调查结果52.4 监测点水体微生物污染情况分析及大肠杆菌感染风险评价结果72.5 季节和水温对监测点水体微生物污染变化的影响83 讨论
