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1、第10讲:冠词之考点精讲冠词:属于虚词,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用,帮助说明名次的含义。冠词可以分为不定冠词(the Indefinite Article)和定冠词(the Definite Article)两种。“a(an)”是不定冠词,“the”是定冠词。这类词的数量很小,但是其活动性却很大,很大。不定冠词a (an)与数词one同源,是“一个”的意思,用于辅音音素前,一般读作,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做,和可数名词单数连用,表示某类人或东西中的一个。例如:Lend me a novel, will you?借一本小说给我看,好吗?This is an agricultural
2、school,这是一所农业学校。需要注意的是,在英文中,a / an并不等于one 。例:He only has one dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 正确 )He only has a dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 错误 )One minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了。(正确 )A minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了( 错误 )定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东
3、西。例如:Show me the novel youve just bought.把你刚买的那本小说拿给我看看。This is the agricultural school I told you about.这就是我和你谈起的那所农业学校。二、不定冠词的用法1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和one差不多: Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。 He will be back in a day or two.他将在一至两天内返回。 A stitch in time saves nine.及时一针顶十针。 这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特
4、别普遍。例如:a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a metre, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of tea, in a word, one at a time.2、表示人或事物的某一类A steel worker makes steel.A plane is a machine that can fly.A teacher must love his students.A knife is a tool for cutting with.3、表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。This is an apple
5、.His father is a teacher. This poem was written by a student. She picked up a magazine and began to read.4、用于泛指人或者事 The peasant girl has now become an engineer.这个农村姑娘现在成了工程师了。 She wanted to rent an apartment near the campus.她想在学校附近租一套房子。Before she left for London, Sally sent me a picture of herself.
6、 萨莉动身去伦敦前送给我一张她的照片。A grammar book is necessary to a language learner. 对语言学习者来说,语法书是很必要的。5、用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定束成的,我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。例如:have a rest(休息) have a look(瞧瞧) have a good time(过得开心)take a shower(淋浴) take a break(休息) take a bath(洗澡) get a cold(患感冒) get a fever(发烧) develop into a habit (养成习惯)make a livi
7、ng(谋生) make a guess at(猜测) make a difference between(区分)in a moment(过一会儿) in a sense(在某种意义上) in a way(在某种程度上) once in a while(间或) have an advantage over(优于)have an edge(略胜过)as a result(因此)as a rule(通常)as a whole(总体上说)6、为了读音的方便,在以元音音素开头的可数名词的单数名词前用an而不用a。当我们使用an时,条件有三:这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头-即它的 音标的第一个音素是元
8、音,而不是说它是以元音字母开头。它必须是个可数名词。它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法:a university 一所大学 an hour 一个小时an orange 一只桔子 an engineer 一位工程师an ordinary man一个普通人an honest person一位诚实的人注意:如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词(some, any),如:The plan will be ready in a few days.Some professors from their university are coming to s
9、peak here today.这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时,就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。第10讲:冠词之定冠词定冠词the具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。用在以辅音音素开头的词前读,用在以元音音素开头的词前读 ,在特别强调时读。1、 和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定得人或东西:The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是兽中之王。This is the head of our delegati
10、on. 这是我们代表团团长。We must catch the next bus. 我们必须赶下一班公共汽车。Did you go to the opening ceremony? 你去没去参加开幕典礼?This is the classroom where we often attend lectures. 这是我们常上课的教室。2、 指世上独一无二的事物We have friends all over the world .我们的朋友遍天下。The moon goes around the earth .月亮绕着地球转。The sky is quite blue and cloudless
11、. 天空蔚蓝,明净无云。The sea covers nearly three-quarters of the worlds surface. 海洋几乎覆盖地球表面的四分之三。这类名词还有the globe(地球),the Equator(赤道),the universe(宇宙),the atmosphere(大气层),the outer space(外层空间)等。3、 重提前文中提到过的人或事物(即文中第二次出现的人或事物)He bought a house. Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。He, suddenly, saw an isolate
12、d house at the foot of the mountain. And curiosity made him approaching the house. 他突然看到山脚下有一栋孤独的房子;好奇心驱使他向那栋房子走了过去。She bought a bicycle, but when she rode it one of the wheels came off. 她买了一辆自行车,她骑上去时一个轮子掉了。Last weekend, I met a girl at the party given by my friend. And the girl happens to be one o
13、f my former schoolmates. 上周末,我在朋友举行的聚会上遇到了一位女孩;那位女孩碰巧是我的一个老同学。4、 说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物She goes to the theatre every week. 她每星期都去看戏。Whats in the papers? 报上有什么新闻?Be sure to bring me the book when you come next time. 你下次来一定要将那本带给我。-Do you know where the dictionary is? 你知道那本词典在哪儿吗?-Where to go Jack? -To the l
14、ibrary. 杰克,你去哪里?-去图书馆。5、用于序数词、形容词的最高级形式、和表示方位的名词前Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。Changjiang is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。Japan lies to the east of China .日本位于中国的东面。He is one the most famous football stars in the world. 他是世界最著名的足球明星之一。6、用于单数的可数名词前,代表一类人或东西The ca
15、reful writer should avoid it. 仔细的作家应避免这样做。The compass was invented in China.指南针是中国发明的。The horse is a useful animal .马是有用的动物。The tiger is in danger of extinct .老虎有绝种的危险。The dollar is as good as devalued. 美元实际上是贬值了。注:这种泛指是从整个属类的意义上说,而不是用一个人或物来说明整个属类的 特点。也就是说,属前者情况时加用定冠词表示泛指,属后者情况时则加不定冠词表示泛指。7、用于某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States of America 美利坚合众国the Ming Dynasty 明朝 the Great Wall长城the Great Cultural Revolution文化大革命