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1、开放英语（2）各单元语法学习重点（单元32- 35）Unit 32 Things Go Wrong (遭遇不幸) 1、被动语态（1）主语是谓语动作的实施对象，则用被动语态。而主动语态指句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者：The girls clean the room every day.(主语语态)The room is cleaned every day.(被动语态)（2）被动语态的构成：主语+助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词：The work has been done. （现在完成时）This room is cleaned by the woman. (一般现在时)The laptop
2、was stolen by his neighbour. （一般过去时）The bike must be repaired by his father. （情态动词）The truth will be found out. （一般将来时）2、直接引语和间接引语（1） 直接引语：引述别人的话时，不做任何改动引用原话。将其放在引号内；间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内；Mary said,”I am very busy.”( 直接引语)Mary said that she was very busy.(间接引语)（2）可以引述间接引语的动词一般都是表示说话的动词：say, tel
3、l, ask, report 等。（3）直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语中动词的时态，形式，人称代词，时间和地点状语要有相应的变化：Jim said.”I like collecting stamps.”Jim said that he liked collecting stamps (时态、人称变化)The worker told me ,”Ill finish the work today.”The worker tokd me that he would finish the work that day. (人称、时态、时间变化)（4）如果直接引语是一般疑问句或表示请求的陈述句，变成间接
4、引语时，需在引述动词ask后加if，然后将疑问句改陈述语序：“can you talk to me?”The police office asked.The police officer asked if she could talk to him.（5）如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，需要将疑问句改成陈述句语序：Susan asked,”How do you like the meeting?”Susan asked how I liked the meeting.Unit33 The New Restaurant (新餐馆)1、反意疑问句（1）反意疑问句中，若前一部分为肯定式后一部
5、分用否定式；若前一部分为否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式。Its snowing ,isnt it?It isnt raining.is it?（2）反意疑问句前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词。情态动词或be动词时，后半部分先重复这些动词，然后+（not）+主语，构成简略问句。a. to be:He isnt a teacher ,is he?They were in our school yesterday, werent they?b. to have / has:You have a daughter,havent you ?Tom hasnt a computer, has he?c.情态动
6、词：You must turn off the light before you go ,musnt you ?She cant do it ,can she?d.助动词： We will be here tomorrow.，wont we?You didnt order a cup of tea, did you ?（3）如反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词，后半部分一般由dont/doesnt(一般现在时)和didnt(一般过去时)加主语构成。She looks like her mother, doesnt she?They needed some rest, didnt th
7、ey?（4）特殊情况的反意疑问句：Lets go to the zoo , shall we?Im the next, arent I ?2、与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句：与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句谈论想像的情况，而且推测想象的结果，常用来谈论希望或梦想。（1）与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句最常用的结构是：从句：if+动词过去式。 主句：would (could)+动词原形If I had more money ,I would buy a car.If I won the lottery, I would buy a flat.3、介词 in spite of , apart f
8、rom , except for （1）都表示“除了之外”，这三个介词词组都可以放在句首：In spite of the weather, we still went out.Except for the handwriting , the letter is nice.Apart from being slow, hes not too bad.Unit 34 Changes (发生变化)1、have to 和must（1）都可表示义务，责任，前者表示外部因素决定的义务，后者强调主观因素。I must buy presents for my friends ,they have been s
9、o kind to me .I have to begin my work at 2:30.（2）如果是别人对你说“必须做某事”时用must, 实际上是一种命令或者强烈的建议：You must hand in the exercise-book tomorrow.（3）表示强调，have to 和must 可用really 修饰：I really must buy presents for my friends.I really have to begin my work at 2:301、 musnt 和dont have to （！）musnt 表示不允许做某事。You musnt smo
10、ke here because there are some babies in the room.你不能在这里抽烟，因为有小孩子在屋里。（2）dont have to :表示不必要做某事，或者没有义务做某事。We dont have to pay for that. It s free.我们没有必要付钱，这是免费的。3、定语从句（1）一般修饰名词或代词，在句中做定语。定语从句一般放在修饰的名（代）词之后，由关系代词（副词）引导。You cant take all the book that I have put on the desk.（2）定语从句分限定性和非限定新定语从句。限定性定语从句
11、：对于说明句子意义来说，不可或缺，否则限定性定语从句就不完整，结构上不用逗号与主语隔开。The workers who do cleaning every day for us are good.非限定性定语从句：只是提供额外的信，可以略去，结构上需要逗号与主语分开。The woman, whose father is a teacher, works in our computer.（3）定语从句中，that , who , which常在从句中做主语或宾语。I dont like the book that you are reading.(做宾语时，可省掉)The building wh
12、ich stands there is a hospital.（做主语）Ill give the radio(which) Dolly gave me to Steve.(做宾语)Unit 35 New Experiences (新的体验)1、动词-ing形式（1）动词后面可以接动词ing形式：Do you like swimming?（2）介词短语后面接-ing形式：Are you good at drawing?（3）Talking with her is a nice thing. (做主语)（4）Her job is taking care of the children.（做表语）（
13、5）The boy began laughing. (做宾语)2、否定意义的前缀un-: unable (无能为力的)， unfriendly(不友好的)im-:impatient(无耐烦的)， impossible(不可能的)in-:insentive(不敏感的)， incorrect(不正确的)dis-:dishonest(不诚实的)。2、 一般过去时与过去进行时（1）一般过去时指过去的习惯动作或过去某个特定实际或某一段时间发生是动作或情况，而过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。The teacher went to Beijing to attend meeting last winter.They were playing basketball at 5:00yesterday afaternoon.（2）一般过去时与过去进行时结合使用When we were talking about him, he came in.We were playing cards when someone knocked at the door.
