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1、WordNet-based Way to Identify Chinglish in Automated Essay Scoring Systems Wen Zhuge 1, Jingyu Hua 2 1 Foreign Language College, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China 2 College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China e-mail: , AbstractRecent years have wi
2、tnessed the success of Automated Essay Scoring (AES) in western countries. However, its further promotion in China is limited by the negative transfer of non-native learners. Therefore, this paper proposed a new way to identify Chinglish, which obstructs the development of AES in China. This WordNet
3、- based method starts with dealing with semantic relations between English verbs, calculates semantic distances between subjects and objects, and then realizes the identification of Chinglish by threshold. Experiments conducted in one university show that the proposed way performs well in identifyin
4、g Chinglish in college students English essays. Keywords-Automated essay scoring; Identification of Chinglish; WordNet; Semantic calculation 1. INTRODUCTION Writing has been considered as an effective method to measure a language learners language proficiency. It accounts for a large proportion of c
5、lassroom teaching as well as proficiency tests. However, the traditional way to score an essay not only costs a great deal of labor and material resources, but also is greatly affected by scorers language ability and personal preferences, therefore reducing the credibility of the test 1. However, au
6、tomated essay scoring (AES) based on corpus and artificial intelligence technology could perform this task with high efficiency and impersonality 2. With labor and resources saved, language testing is entering into an era in need of AES systems Currently, there already exist an ocean of AES systems
7、overseas, such as PEG, IEA, and Intelli-Metric, which are based on shallow parsing, latent semantic analysis and the combination of artificial intelligence and statistics, respectively. They have already achieved a relatively accurate scoring task 3-7. However, these systems are English speakers ori
8、ented, thus they neglect the problems caused by the negative transfer of non-native learners. As far as Chinese learners are concerned, Chinglish sentences, i.e. the hybird of Chinese way of thinking and English syntax, should be given priority in the research of AES technologies. Seeing that Chingl
9、ish sentences accord with English syntax, it is difficult for the common syntactic analyzers employed by AES system to identify these special linguistic phenomena. Utilizing the semantic web put forward by WordNet, the researchers start with the semantic relations between English verbs, deals with s
10、emantic relations between English verbs, calculates semantic distances between subjects and objects, and then realizes the identification of Chinglish by threshold in this paper. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 clarifies the definition of Chinglish, as well as the obstacle it causes in
11、AES systems. Subsequently, a semantic structure fit for identifying Chinglish is presented in Section 3. Finally, experimental results and conclusion are made in Section 4. 2. CHINGLISH IN ESSAYS 2.1 Definition of Chinglish Transfer is “a term used by psychologists in their accounts of the way in wh
12、ich present learning is affected by past learning”8. Odlin has suggested that transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously (and perhaps imperfectly) acquired 9. When learning a foreign language,
13、an individual already knows his mother tongue, so the knowledge and skill of the native language will be transferred to the foreign language unconsciously. Since the way one thinks determines the way one speaks, the differences between the native and the foreign language in linguistic structure, soc
14、ial culture and logic thought, predestine the existence of negative transfer in second language learning. The Han nationality puts more emphasis on the whole when they think, which, in turn results in an analytical language - Chinese, while British and Americans, who weigh reason and analysis more,
15、create a synthetic language - English. This difference in way of thinking directly leads to the appearance of Chinglish. Generally speaking, Chinglish appears in two forms: vocabulary and theme 10. The former is caused by the unequivalence of the concept aroused by certain words in Chinese and Engli
16、sh, whose meaning are simply taken for granted in one culture. Take the sentence We played very happily in the party last night for example. In Chinese, the concept of play covers almost every interment in our life; yet, the counterpart of this concept in English varies. They play computer games, have fun in a party, amuse themselves with books, or enjoy the movie very much. The latter results from the confusion of a subject and a theme. A subject in an English sentence is usually
