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1、阅读方法 理解一篇文章，首先要明白单词意思，然后是句子，然后是文章主题、篇 章结构、作者观点，最后是例子、分析等细节。 首先是单词意思，这个只能靠平时积累词汇，但是也不一定要认识文章中 的每个单词，不懂的生词可以从上下文推断。但是有些句子，每个单词的意思 都知道，整个句子的意思却一点都读不通。或者每个句子大概意思都明白，但 是整篇文章却把握不了。这就需要我们掌握正确的阅读方法。 一、句子长难句分析 文章中出现套了一层甚至两三层的长难句，会非常影响我们的理解。出现 长难句的时候，我们不应慌张，只需要冷静分析句子结构，搞清句子成分之间 的关系，就能清晰地梳理整个句子的意思。 2011 年河南省中考
2、 B 篇 The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep. ( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep. C. At night. D. During the deep sleep. 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1.含义的理解 2.语序的确定 句子 1、简单句 2
3、、复合句 简单句是只有一套 主谓结构的句子 基本句型 5 种： 1. SVP 主谓 2. SVi 主系表 3. SV+O 主谓宾 4. SV+O1+O2 主 谓 双宾 5. SV+O+O2主谓宾 补 基本句型定语 状语 定语从句 1. 关系代词引导定语从句: that, which, who, whom, whose( 其中 that, which, who, whom引导的是非完整句, whose 引导的是完整句 - 主干完整 ) 2. 关系连词（非关系副词）: when, where, why在句子中不作成分, 引导的是完整句 3. 介词+关系代词 （不会相当于关系副词）: in whic
4、h, on which , with which, 没有in that(这个只能等同于Because)，此关系代词不包括 what This is a desk on which there is a book. 跟完整句，相当于状语。 This is Tom with whom I can solve the problem. 非简单句的障碍来源 如何拆解为若干个简单句的集合 按照什么顺序来理解拆解后的简单句集 非简单句的障碍解决方案 找关联词 关联词 连词 关系代词 标点符号冒号和句号 The important position that best shows your secret p
5、ersonality is the one that you go to sleep. 2011 年河南省中考A 篇 When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no w. I would like to say thank you to that very kind
6、 woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. 2011 年河南省中考 B 篇 Everyone has got two personalities (性格) the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You dont show your secret p
7、ersonality when youre awake because you can control yourself, but when youre asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. 1. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. 2. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the sout
8、h of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. 3. It is true that during their explorations they often face difficulties and dangers of most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which w
9、ould make a modern climber shudder(颤栗 ) at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. 句子之间的关联方式 并列 并列连词的用法 并列连词的用法: 并列连词连接结构功 能 性质均相同的成分 -必须完全对等 for and nor but or yet so 嵌套 常见的复杂句形式 宾语从句 -S+V+THAT+ 句子(完整句 ) S+V+ WHAT+ 句子(非完整句 )，引 导名词从句 表语从句 -S+ 系动词 +表语 +句子 主语从句 -Tha
10、t /What+ 句子+ V 特殊的定语 /同位语从句N+ that +句 子+ 同位语 (完整句 ) 定 语 从 句 (非 完 整句) S + Vi + that+ 句子: The sun rises that is bright. S + be + adj + that + 句子: The desk is clean that is used by the student( 定语从 句); The fact is true that Tom is handsome( 同 位语从句 ). 状语从句 时间状语从句、地点状语 从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程 度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状
11、语从 句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句 层次化句子阅读方法 层次化结构的表示形式 并列嵌套的树形结构 任意非简单句都可以表示成层次化结构。 括号匹配法：关联词动词括号 主干 画左括号的条件：出现连接句子的关联 词时： 1. (关联词非完整句 2. 关联词 (完整句 画右括号的条件：1.句子终结 终 结 的 标 点 符 号 (冒号，感叹号，分号，破折号) 后 续 内 容 与 当 前 句无关 2.连接句子的并列连 词之前或标点符号前 The important position (that best shows your secret personality) is the one that (yo
12、u go to sleep). 2011 年河南省中考A 篇 When (my son, Mark, was in the third grade), he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. When (you help others), I know that (you will feel as good about it) as (I do now). I would like to say thank you to that very kind woman, and I te
13、ll her that (four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire). 2011 年河南省中考 B 篇 Everyone has got two personalities the one (that is shown to the world) and the other (that is secret and real). You dont show your secret personality when (y
14、oure awake) because (you can control yourself), but when (youre asleep), your sleeping position shows the real you. 练习： 2009 河南省中考 A 篇 Can you imagine (what you could have been )if (you had an email) 2009 河南省中考 B 篇 In the UK, most children have their lunches at school, but in some schools, parents c
15、an choose (what their children eat). The children can have a school dinner a hot cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, (which includes cold food like sandwiches). We used to have a fast food window where (you got chips and coke), but they stopped that this year. There s a salad res
16、taurant, (which is good), so it s healthier than it was. 2011 年河北省中考 C篇 Some people come to your life and you know at once that (they were sure to be there). But you know that (every moment they will affect your life in some serious way). Enjoy every day, even every moment and take it from everything ( that you possibly can take), for you may never be able to experience it again. 2011 年江西省中考 A 篇 You can guess (how I feel )when （he pointed to a train ）(that was just mov
