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1、Discovering Useful Structures in Unit 4 Space Exploration 动词不定时做定语和状语,Discuss and tell the functions of “to do”.,1. People have always wanted to learn more about space. 2. China wanted Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon.,宾语,宾语补足语,复习,Discuss and tell the functions of “to do”.
2、,1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 2. Scientists work hard to find answer. 3. We were surprised to find that he had left. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 5. Some scientists were determined to help human realise their dream to ex
3、plore space.,结果状语,目的状语,原因状语,Lets look for more!,定语,定语,动词不定式用法：,【要义详析】 一、动词不定式用作定语 1. 动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语, 表示尚未发生的动作。 *Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 *We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。,1. 有些抽象名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, nee
4、d, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。如： After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread. But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。,3. 名词前有first, last, next, only等词以及最高级
5、修饰时, 其后要用动词不定式。 如：She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。 The nine-year-old boy was the only one to have survived the crash.,4. 当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。 *I usually have a lot of meetings to attend. 我通常有很多会议要参加。 *She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。,5
6、. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。 *We must find a person to do the job. 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 *We need someone to go and get a doctor. 我们需要有人去请医生。,6. 当名词与定语有同位关系时。 *We got the order to leave the city. 我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。,【即学活用】语法填空 (1) The airport _(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2) Do you hav
7、e anything _(do) tonight? (3) The best way _(improve) your English is to join an English club.,to be completed,to do,to improve,二、不定式作状语 动词不定式在句中作状语, 主要用来修饰动词和形容词, 也可用来修饰副词。在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等, 可表示目的、原因及结果等。,1. “主语 + be + 形容词 + to do sth.”结构中，不定式常作原因状语，常见的此类形容词有happy, sorry, glad, excited
8、, disappointed, shocked, satisfied, astonished等。如： They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.,2. 不定式还常用在too . to结构、enough及only等后面作状语，表示结果。如： The box is too small to hold all these things I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.,3. 不定式作目的状语既可
9、放在句首也可放在句尾，不定式前可加in order或so as。如： He had to earn enough money to support the family. In order to master English, you must spend much effort on it.,1. _ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (2019江苏卷单项填空) A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. E
10、njoy,2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _(perform) consistently over a large area. (2019新课标卷语法填空) 3. But some students didnt want _(wear) the uniform. (2019浙江卷语法填空),to perform,to wear,Look at the following sentences and
11、focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Find more examples from the unit.,1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. First of all, you must b
12、e intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.,目的状语,目的状语,结果状语,定语,定语,Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in o
13、rder toso as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly.,1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. 2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later u
14、se. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.,3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. _ _ _,Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dream to fly int
15、o space one day.,4. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. _ _ _,n. 肌肉；实力；影响力,Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to help them stay healthy.,5. Astronauts have to use tapes to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. _
