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1、高三英语语法 （十二） 虚拟语气,一.虚拟语气的类型 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 2、虚拟语气形式。 The order was that we (should) stay where we were.,二.实际意义上的虚拟语气 1、小小顺口溜 虚拟语气并不难, 从句时态都提前, 主句would加在前，注意动词要还原。 （省略if要倒装） e.g. 1）If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms. 2） If we had left ea
2、rlier, we wouldnt have missed the train. 3） I wish I were as clever as you,2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用,此表中需要注意几点： 1be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用was。如： If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would, could以及might可以用于各种人称。 3在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would, could和might等。如： I
3、f it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rain也可以用rained, were to rain代替）,4、主句和if条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）。如： If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.,含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句
4、，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。 1用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等。如： We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars? But for the rain（=If it hadnt been for the rain）, we would have finished the work.,2. 假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如： 1）He would h
5、ave given you more help, but he has been ill. 2）I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,) but, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟现象，即：一个分句为虚拟句，另一个分句为真实句。,3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.) Anyone in her posi
6、tion would have done the same. 有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。 4）Suppose we told her the truth. 5）Imagine your child played truant.,省略if的情况 如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（were, had, should或could ）时，可省略if，把从句中的were, had或should或could提到其主语前形成倒装结构。如： Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succe
7、eded. Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty. Should there be a flood, what should we do?,3、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用 （从句时态都提前） wish后that引导的宾语从句中。如： I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. （表示与将来事实相反） as if（though）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。如：He looks as if/though he we
8、re an artist.,would rather后的宾语从句中。 （would rather后不能加that。） 从句谓语用一般过去时来表示与现在或将来要做的相反的事情，用过去完成时来表示与过去发生的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go there.(与将来相反） Id rather we had a rest now. （与现在相反） Id rather you had been here yesterday. （与过去相反） If only引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. （我要是只鸟就好了。）,三.虚拟语气形式 1)复合句中
9、含有 suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建议、安排） demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, (要求、渴望） insist, order（坚持、命令） 等,以及其派生词 （如：suggestion, adviceidea) 复合句中所含有的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用should do, should 可以省略。如： The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to h
10、is suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.,注意：当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边that从句不用虚拟语气。如： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry.,2) 在It is + 形容词(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用should
11、 do, should 可以省略。如： Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3）在It is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词要用should do, should 可以省略。如： It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 当然上面2) 、 3)两类的that从句中也可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。如： It is strange that he did not come yest
12、erday. It is a pity that you cant dance.,4) It is（high/about）time（that sb. did）句式中常用动词的过去式。 此句型表示“该”，用来表示提议。如： It is high time we started out. 5) 以in order that, so that(或起同样作用的that)引起的从句中谓语动词多用may或might加动词原形构成，在口语中也常用can或could加动词原形。如： She stayed at home for a few days so that she might (could) take care of her mother. 6)以for fear that 和in case that引起的从句中，位于动词多用 should do. 如： He took his raincoat with him in case that/ for fear that it should rain.,四.某些表祝愿的句子也需要用虚拟语气。 1）用原形 Long live world peace! God bless you! 2) 由may 加动词原形构成 May you be happy all your life.,
