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1、外研版八年级上册-Module4-知识点总结+练习-(无答案)精品文档Module 4 Planes, ships and trains1. What happened? 发生了什么？happen是不及物动词，意为“发生”。用法见下表：句型意义例句Sth+happen+地点/时间某地/某时发生了某事What happened last night?Sth+happen to +sb 某人出了某事（常指不好的事情）A car accident happened to him.Sb+happen+to do sth 某人碰巧做某事I happened to meet her in the stre
2、et .【注意】happen通常指偶然事件的“发生”，其主语不能用表示人的词，而通常由accident或it, what, this, that, something等充当。如果表示事先安排或有准备的事件的发生，则用take place。happen 为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。【中考链接】根据汉语提示完成句子（2018连云港中考）-Have you met Luke recently ?-Yes , I _（碰巧看见他）in the science museum yesterday afternoon .2. But nobody was late ,except me .e
3、xcept 介词： 除之外except表示从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分。该词和but用法相似。如：I dont want anything except this one. 除了这个，我什么都不想要。【辨析】except, except for, besides与but易混词（组）区别except意为“除之外”，表示“（从整体中）减去”，前后是同类事物。如：Nobody was late except Mike.除了迈克之外，没有人迟到。except for意为“除之外”，说明了整体的情况之后，对细节加以纠正，前后是不同类事物。如：His composition is ver
4、y good except for a few grammar mistakes.除了几处语法错误之外，他的作文非常好。besides意为“除了之外（还）”，表示一种累加关系。如：I like history besides English.除了英语之外，我还喜欢历史。but意为“除之外”，侧重整体，常用在nothing, nobody等否定词之后。如：Everyone was there but him.除他之外，大家都在那儿。【短语】except for 还表示“要不是”We would go for a picnic except for the bad weather .要不是这糟糕的
5、天气，我们就去野餐了。【中考链接】（2019淮安模拟）-The Spring Festival is coming. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr .Green. Do you know why he didnt go home ?-Sure .Because he was on duty .A. except B. besides C. except for 3. Maybe I should go to school by ta.或许我应该坐出租车去学校。【点拨】（1）maybe是副词，意为“也许；大概；或许”，与perhaps, pro
6、bably的意思相同。【辨析】maybe与may be易混词意义与区别例句maybe是副词，意为“也许；或许”，常放在句首Maybe you put the pen in your bag .大概你把钢笔放在包里了。may be为“情态动词+be动词”结构，意为“可能是；也许是”He may be a soldier .他可能是一个军人。（2）by ta意为“坐出租车”，是“by+交通工具”的结构，用作方式状语。可以和take a ta 行替换。He goes to school by ta = He takes a ta to school .4. Thats a good choice ,
7、 but its a bit dangerous .choice做可数名词，意为“选择”【考点拓展】choice的动词形式为choose，意为选择，选择做某事是choose to do sth 固定搭配：make a choice 做出选择have no choice but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择【中考链接】（2018无锡中考）When you have the _ (选择)of being kind ,choose kind.5. He lives farthest from school , so he takes the underground .far 副词表示“远，
8、遥远”，形容词“远的，遥远的”有关far的常用搭配：（1）be far from意为“距离远”。如：Juliets home is quite far from her school. 朱丽叶的家距离她的学校非常远。（2）live far from意为“住得离远”。如：Jerry doesnt live far from his company. 杰瑞住得离他的公司不远。（3）how far意为“多远”，用来对距离行提问。【延伸】far 的比较级 farther/further，最高级 farthest/furthest 6. Her home is the closest to school
9、 ,so she walks .close adj. 近的；接近的 adv. 接近地【点拨】close作形容词时，指“（空间或时间）近的；亲密的；势均力敌的”；作副词时，意为“接近地；靠近地；紧密地”。【延伸】close to意为“靠近；接近”，指在空间或时间上“接近”。此外，它还可表示“几乎；差不多”。如：She is close to tears. 她几乎要落泪了。be close to 离近 ，其同义词是near ,反义词组为be far from be the closest to 离最近7. the same as 与一样【点拨】the same as意为“与一样”，其反义短语为be
10、 different from，意为“与不同”。8. I do not take the bus to school because it is usually very crowded .crowded做形容词，意为“拥挤的”【考点拓展】be crowded with 意为“挤满了”The ticket office is always crowded with people .9. But most of my classmates ride bikes.但是我大部分的同学都骑自行车【辨析】most与most ofmost后直接加名词；most of后加带有修饰词（定冠词、物主代词等）的可
11、数名词复数或直接加代词。如：most students大部分学生most of the students大部分学生most of us我们当中的大多数10. I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam. plan作动词时，意为“计划；打算”。plan to do sth.意为“计划/打算做某事”。plan作名词时，意为“计划”。make a plan for.意为“为制定计划”。【注意】plan的过去式和过去分词都要双写词尾的n，再加-ed，即planned。例：-I plan _Hong Kong this winter vacation
12、 .What about you ?-I cant decide where _.A. to visit , to go B. visit ,go C. visiting ,going D. to visit , going 11. how long 意为“多长时间”，用来对时间段行提问【辨析】how long, how soon与how often易混词组意义与区别例句how long意为“多久；多长时间”，主要是对一段时间行提问，答语通常是“（for）.days/ weeks/months/years”等时间段，可用于各种时态How long do you stay in Nanning
13、every year?For three monthshow soon意为“多久”，常用在一般将来时态中，其答语通常是“in+一段时间”How soon can you finish the work?In half an hour.how often意为“多久一次”，用来提问频率，答语通常是always, usually, often, sometimes,once/twice a day/month.How often do you see a film?Once a month.例：（2018乐山中考）-_ do you spend on WeChat every day ,Lily ?
14、-About one and a half hours .A. How long B. How much C. How soon 12. And it takes you about twelve hours to get there .It takes sb some time to do sth .表示“做某事花费了某人多长的时间”【例题】It took her much time _ English fluently after class .A. practise speakingB. to practise to speakC. practise to speakD. to prac
15、tise speaking 13. However , it will not cost as much as going by train .(1)however 做副词，意为“可是，不过，然而”，放在句首、句中、句末He was tired after the match .However , he was quite proud as a member.赛后他很累，然而，作为比赛一员，他相当自豪。(2)however 还可以作连词连接句中，意为“无论如何，不管怎样”In ones own home ,one can act however one wishes .一个人在自己家里，可以想怎么做就怎么做。13. cost v. 价钱
