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1、摘要此次毕业设计中，设计任务是将一台 XA6132 普通升降台卧式铣床，改造成三 坐标数控铣床。采用滚珠丝杠作为传动装置。共有三根丝杠分别在纵向，横向工 作台和垂直向升降台上。驱动元件为步进电机。微机数控系统由 CPU、存储扩展 电路和 I/O 接口电路、伺服电机驱动电路等几部分组成。数控系统的核心是微机， 其它装置均在微机的控制下进行工作。系统的功能和系统中所用的微机直接相关。 数控系统对微机的要求是多方面的，但主要指标是字长和速度，字长不仅影响系 统的最大加工尺寸，而且影响加工的精度和运算精度。本设计采用的是 MCS51 机，并扩展 2 片 2764 芯片，1 片 6264 芯片，3 片
2、8155 可编程并行 I/O 等组成的 控制系统。结合毕业设计的的工作和时间的限制，机械部分主要解剖三个坐标轴，完成 机械结构设计，零件和参数的选择，部分计算过程；电气和微机部分主要有硬件 原理图和程序框图，以及部分程序段，共计五张 A0 图。此次毕业设计中，我熟悉了机电一体化设计的基本过程，并把各门所学的知 识融会贯通形成一个有机的整体，为以后的设计工作打下了良好的基础，同时我 也深深的体会到了不足之处，准备在今后的工作中不断学习，不断实践。关键词：XA6132 普通升降台卧式铣床，数控，改造IAbstractIn this time graduation design, the desig
3、n mission is to reform a set of XA6132 common working panel lifter lying type miller into the three coordinate number controlling miller，adopting the ball guide screw as the transmission device .There are threesilk bar different totally at lengthways, horizontal work pedestal and perpendicularity to
4、 ascend and descend on the stage. The driving component is the stepping electrical engineering. The tiny machine number controls the system from the CPU, save to expand the electric circuit and I/ O connects a peoples electric circuit, servo electrical engineering to drive the electric circuit etc.
5、several parts constitute. The number controls the core of the system is a tiny machine, the other equips to all carry on the work under the control of the tiny machine. The tiny machine use is directly related inthe function and systems of the system. The number controls the request of system to tin
6、y machine is various, but the main index sign is a word to grow and speed, the wordis long not only affect the system biggest to process the size, and the accuracy that influence process and operation accuracy. What this design adoption is machines MCS-51s, and expand 2 slices of 2764 chips, a slice
7、 of 6264 chips, 3 slices of 8155 programmable proceed together to constitute the control system .Because the work of graduation project and restriction of time, the mechanical part dissects three coordinate axes mainly, finishes mechanical structural design, the choicesof the part and parameter, som
8、e computational processes; Electric and the computer part have principle pictures of hardware and procedure block diagram , and some procedure sections mainly, it is five A0 picture altogether.In this time graduation design, I acquainted with the machine electricity integral whole to turn the basic
9、process of design, and integrate the knowledge that each one learn to become an organic whole, is a later design work to beat to descend the good foundation, I also realized the place of the shortage deeply at the same time, preparingto study continuously in the work of the aftertime, practicing con
10、tinuously.Keywords: The XA6132 universal knee-type milling machine, the number control, reform.II目录摘要 . I Abstract . II 目录 . III 第一章绪论 . 11.1 数控机床改造的意义 . 11.2 国内外的数控机床的比较 . 11.3 数控未来发展的趋势 . 21.3.1继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展 . 21.3.2向高速化和高精度化发展 . 21.3.3向智能化方向发展 . 2第二章 设计任务和总体方案的确定 . 42.1 设计任务 . 42.2 总体方案设计的内
11、容 . 42.2.1 伺服驱动 . 42.2.2 数控装置 . 52.2.3 系统功能 . 52.2.4 采用环形分配器 . 52.2.5 采用滚珠丝杠螺母副 . 5第三章 伺服系统机械部分设计计算 . 63.1 确定系统脉冲当量 . 63.2 滚珠丝杠螺母副的设计，计算和选型 . 63.2.1 纵向丝杠的选择 . 73.2.2 横向丝杠的选择 . 93.2.3 垂直向丝杠的选择 . 123.3 传动效率计算 . 143.4 齿轮传动比计算 . 153.4.1 纵向丝杠传动比 . 153.4.2 横向丝杠的传动比 . 153.4.3 垂直丝杠的传动比 . 163.5 步进电机的计算和选用 . 163.5.1 纵向丝杠步进电机的计算 . 163.5.2 横向丝杠步进电机计算 . 193.5.3 垂直向丝杠步进电机的计算 .
