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1、The Industrial Machinery Division (IMD)工业机械分会ELECTRIC CURRENT ABROAD电流委员会1997 Edition (Revised*) CONTENTS Introduction Key To Terms Used所用术语 Plugs in Domestic and Commercial Use (Figure)家用和商用插座 Types of Plugs Used Abroad (Table)国外插座类型 Characteristics of Electric Current Abroad (Table)国外电网特征INTRODUCT
2、IONTo assist U.S. manufacturers, exporters and individuals living or traveling abroad, this publication lists the characteristics of electric current available and the type of attachment plugs used in most countries. It is an update of a similar handbook published in 1991. The tables indicate the ty
3、pe of current (alternating or direct current), number of phases, frequency (hertz), and voltage, as well as the stability of the frequency and the number of wires to a commercial or residential installation. This information pertains to domestic and commercial service only. It does not apply to spec
4、ial commercial installations involving relatively high voltage requirements or to industrial installations.为帮助美国制造商、出口商和旅居国外人士，本文列出了大多数国家所用插座及电网的特征，是对1991年版的相似手册的更新，本表列出了家用电器或商用电器的电流类型（交流或直流），相数，频率(赫兹)，电压，频率的稳定性，线数。这些信息只用于商用电器和家用电器，不适用于有高压要求的特别的商用电器或工业设备。For most countries listed here, two nominal v
5、oltages are given. The lower voltages are used primarily for lighting and smaller appliances, while the higher voltages are used primarily for air conditioners, heating, and other large appliances. Travelers planning to use or ship appliances abroad should acquaint themselves with the characteristic
6、s of the electric supply available in the area in which the appliance is to be used. In some cases, a transformer may be used to correct the voltage. However, if the appliance requires exact timing or speed and if the frequency of the foreign electricity supply differs from the one the appliance was
7、 designed for, it is advisable to use an appliance designed for the foreign frequency since auxiliary equipment to change frequency is bulky and expensive. Some foreign hotels have circuits providing approximately 120 volts which allow guests touse electric shavers and other low-wattage U.S. applian
8、ces.对于这里列出的多数国家给出了两个额定电压，低的用于照明及小型电器，高的用于空调、加热炉和其他大型电器，旅居者要在国外使用电器，需要熟悉所在地的电网特征，某些情况下可以用变压器来获得所需要的电压，然而当所用电器要求精确的计时或速度，或者电源频率与这个电器设计所需的频率不同时，就需要使用与电源频率相同的电器，因为能改变频率的辅助设备不仅笨重还很昂贵，某些国外的旅馆提供约120伏的电压，以使客人能用电动剃须刀及其他美国产的低压电器。The information presented here was compiled over a period of months from a large
9、number of sources. Consequently, there is some possibility of errors or omissions for which the Department of Commerce cannot assume responsibility. In addition, this information should not be taken as final in the case of industrial or highly specialized commercial installations. It would be imposs
10、ible for the Department to maintain complete data on every foreign industrial installation. For special equipment for commercial use or heavy equipment for industrial use, the current characteristics for the area of installation should be obtained from the end user.本文所用的信息来源于大量的长期资料汇编而成，因而可能会有错误或者疏漏
11、，对此商务部无法负责，另外，对于工业设备或较为专业的商业设备本文的信息不应视为最终版本，对商务部来说，要想获得每一个国家的工业设备的全套完整的数据资料是不可能的。对于专业的商业设备或重型工业设备，要从最终用户那里了解所在地区的电网特征。The 1997 edition was prepared by the Trade Development unit in the International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The information was compiled by John J. Bodson, in
12、dustry specialist in the Office of Energy, Infrastructure, and Machinery. Editing, desktop publishing, and production were done by the Trade Information Division of the Office of Trade and Economic Analysis.1997版由美国商务部国际贸易管理局贸易发展处筹划，由能源机械办公室的工业专家约翰伯绅整理，贸易与经济分析办公室贸易信息处编辑出版。The cooperation of various
13、government and private agencies in providing data is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks go to the Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Foreign Service of the U.S. Department of State.在此对各个政府和民间机构提供数据资料等合作深表感谢，特别感谢美国商务部商务服务处和国务院外务处。KEY TO TERMSType of current-a.c. indica
14、tes alternating current and d.c., direct current.电源类型ac 交流电dc直流电Frequency-Shown in number of hertz (cycles per second). Note that even if voltages are similar, a 60-hertz U.S. clock or tape recorder will not function properly on 50 hertz current.频率赫兹数（每秒周期数）注意：即便电压相同，60赫兹的美国时钟或录音机是不能在50赫兹的电源下正常工作。Nu
15、mber of phases-1 and 3 are the conventional phases which may be available.相数1和3是常规的相数Nominal voltages-The term nominal voltage is used to denote the reported voltage in use in the majority of residential and commercial establishments in the country or city. Direct current nominal voltages are 110/22
16、0 and 120/240. The lower voltage is always 1/2 of the higher voltage. On a direct current installation, the lower voltage requires two wires while the higher voltage requires three wires.额定电压额定电压用于注明所称电压在某国家或城市的家用或商用设备中是主要主流。直流额定电压是110/220和120/240。低电压是高电压的1/2。对于直流设备，低压要求两线，而高压要求三线。Alternating current is normally distributed either through 3 phase wye (star) or delta (triangle), 4-wire second
