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1、越南韩松洞 Hang Son Doong, Vietnam,Sn ong cave (Vietnamese:Hang Son Doong) is worlds largest cave, located in Quang Binh province, Vietnam. It is found by a local man named Ho Khanh in 1991 and was recently discovered in 2009 by British cavers, led by Howard Limbert. The name Son Doong cave means mountai
2、n river cave, It was created 2-5 million years ago by river water eroding away the limestone underneath the mountain Where the limestone was weak, the ceiling collapsed creating huge skylights.,Theres a jungle inside Vietnams mammoth cavern. A skyscraper could fit too. And the end is out of sight.,摄
3、影：卡斯特彼得 Carsten Peter 音乐- 独弦琴演奏：舞鹤摇篮曲,韩松洞（Hang Son Doong）位于越南广平省，越老边境上，距河内南500公里 ，在越南峰牙-己榜国家公园的丛林深处。 韩松洞是世界上最大的天然洞穴之一。其中一个部分便有243.84米深，直径超过91.44米。那里可以停放一架波音747飞机，或者建一座40层的高楼。越战期间越共曾在这里躲避轰炸。,Sn ong cave (hang Sn ong, Mountain River cave in Vietnamese) is a cave inPhong Nha-K Bng National Park,B Trch
4、district, Qung Bnh Province, Vietnam. The cave is located near the Laos-Vietnam border. It has a large fast-flowing underground river inside.,几年前，当地一位农民发现了韩松洞的入口。由于它完全被丛林覆盖，在“谷歌地球”上看不到它。必须非常近距离接近，才能发现它的踪迹。此前的勘探中，勘探人员到了距它入口几百米处，与它失之交臂，未能发现。 2009年，这位农民带领英国-越南考察组进入韩松洞。他们花了6个小时穿越丛林来到韩松洞。他们进入洞里，发现了一条地下河，
5、长约 2.5公里。然后渡过地下河，抵达韩松洞的超级巨大走廊。共花费了5天时间才初步了解这个洞穴。 2010年探险家马克詹金斯率领一个探险小组对这个超级洞穴进行了全面考察。詹金斯说：“我很难预知这个洞穴的未来。我认为你不会在那里看到游客。我也不认为你会看到更多人进入那里。我认为它将成为一个美丽的地方，只有科学家和少数人可以偶尔进去。它非常深，因此我认为人们不会在它里面修建人行道，供人观赏。我觉得它太特别了，对它造成破坏将是人类的一大损失。”,Mist sweeps past the hills of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, its 330 square
6、miles set aside in 2001 to protect one of Asias largest cave systems. During the Vietnam War, North Vietnamese soldiers hid in caves from U.S. air strikes. Bomb craters now serve as fishponds.,A climber ascends a shaft of light in Loong Con, where humidity rises into cool air and forms clouds inside
7、 the cave.,A half-mile block of 40-story buildings could fit inside this lit stretch of Hang Son Doong, which may be the worlds biggest subterranean passage.,韩松洞内的灯光所及可以容纳一栋高约四十层的建筑物，这里可能是世界上最大的地下洞穴走廊。,A jungle inside a cave? A roof collapse long ago in Hang Son Doong let in light; plants thickly fo
8、llowed. As Sweeny Sewell climbs to the surface, hikers struggle through the wryly named Garden of Edam.,Going underground, expedition members enter Hang En, a cave tunneled out by the Rao Thuong River. Dwindling to a series of ponds during the dry months, the river can rise almost 300 feet during th
9、e flood season, covering the rocks where cavers stand.,Headroom shrinks in the middle of Hang En as cavers pass beneath a ceiling scalloped by eons of floodwater rushing past. The river shortly reemerges onto the surface, then burrows into Hang Son Doong after a few miles.,Like a petrified waterfall
10、, a cascade of fluted limestone, greened by algae, stops awestruck cavers in their tracks. Theyre near the exit of Hang En.,Moss-slick boulders and a 30-foot drop test author Mark Jenkins at the forest-shrouded entrance to Hang Son Doong. Even though these caves are huge, theyre practically invisibl
11、e until youre right in front of them, Jenkins says. Hunters have found caves by spotting winds gusting from underground openings.,Hang Son Doongs airy chambers sprout life where light enters from abovea different world from the bare, cramped, pitch-black spaces familiar to most cavers. Ferns and oth
12、er greenery colonize rimstone. In the jungles directly beneath roof openings, explorers have seen monkeys, snakes, and birds.,Rare cave pearls fill dried-out terrace pools near the Garden of Edam in Hang Son Doong. This unusually large collection of stone spheres formed drip by drip over the centuri
13、es as calcite crystals left behind by water layered themselves around grains of sand, enlarging over time.,穴珠（cave pearl）是洞顶滴落的水珠撞击洞底，溅起微小的石灰石粒子，水滴不断落下，经过数千年形成的。穴珠罕见，一般都很小。但这里的穴珠有棒球大，有的像个足球。比任何探洞者见过的穴珠都要大，可能和洞顶水滴下落所经过的巨大距离有关。,Navigating an algae-skinned maze, expedition organizers Deb and Howard Lim
14、bert lead the way across a sculpted cavescape in Hang Son Doong. Ribs form as calcite-rich water overflows pools.,Like a castle on a knoll, a rock formation shines beneath a skylight in Hang Son Doong. A storm had just filled the pool, signaling that exploring season was coming to an end.,The tricki
15、est challenge for the expedition team was to find a way over the Great Wall of Vietnam, an overhanging mass of flowstone that blocked the way deep inside Hang Son Doong. Climbing specialists Sweeny Sewell and Howard Clarke here work on anchoring bolts to the slippery, porous rock to support the weig
16、ht of climbers using ropes. Once over the wall, the expedition team discovered a second entrance into the cave.,Dubbed the Great Wall of Vietnam, a 200-foot cliff halted the advance of the first team to enter Hang Son Doong, in 2009. When explorers returned, Sewell drilled bolts for climbers to scale the obstacle with ropes. A white streak below, to his right, marks how high water rises during the wet season.,It sounded like a roaring train, said Sweeny Sewell, describing t
