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1、考研英语长难句与英译汉主讲：董明毅2009-7-5,翻译的初体验,真题透析,英译汉的关键点,关于英译汉,实战演练,版块1英译汉,“翻译就是理解和使人理解” 一、中英文的区别 二、考研英译汉概要 三、考研翻译解题中的常见问题 四、考研翻译解题的步骤、标准和 方法,中英文的区别,1. 英语重结构，汉语重语义 2. 英语多长句，汉语多短句 3. 英语多从句，汉语多分句 4. 英语多被动，汉语多主动 5. 英语多抽象，汉语多具体 6. 英语多变化，汉语多重复 7. 主语、宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，汉语多名词” 8. 英语多引申，汉语多推理 9. 英语多省略，汉语多补充 10.英语多前重心，汉语多后重
2、心,英语重结构，汉语重语义,英语形合例子 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed - we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave-owne
3、rs will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression，will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.,英语重结构，汉语重语义,Children will play
4、 with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived. 译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。,英语多长句，汉语多短句,Int
5、erest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。,英语多从句，汉语多分句,On the whole /such a conclusion
6、 can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, /and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 译文：总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够
7、假定这个小孩对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个小孩的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的小孩已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。,英语多被动，汉语多主动,一组常用被动句型的汉译： It must be pointed out that.必须指出 It must be admitted that.必须承认 It is imagined that.人们认为 It can not be denied that.不可否认 It will be seen from this that.由此可知 It should be realized that.必须认识到 It is (always) stressed that.人们(总
8、是)强调 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that.可以毫不夸张地说,英语多被动，汉语多主动,被 动 结 构的翻译： 英语中的被动句一般翻译成主动句，可以做主宾颠倒的方式翻译，省略“被”字，或者直接转化，但有时候仍然可以用“被 、“受到” 、“得到” “加以” 、“得以”“为所” 、“由 来” 、“是 的”等结构来翻译 ，最后还可以找汉语中的其他词来代替“被”字。,英语多被动，汉语多主动,It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset; it invites you to think t
9、hat animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (97) 译文：这种说法从一开始把讨论引导向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像人类对待自己一样关心，要么一点也不关心。,英语多被动，汉语多主动,However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the
10、worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects. 译文：然而，世界就是如此，完美系统一般而言是不能解决世界上更加引人入胜和令人欣喜的问题。,英语多被动，汉语多主动,Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce
11、 still further innovations for the reasons given above. 译文：由于大众通信的显著发展，各地的人们正感受到新的需要并且正接受到新的习俗和观点，然而由于上述原因政府不得不采取更为进一步的革新措施。,英语多被动，汉语多主动,Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 译文：多年来，工
12、具和技术本身作为基本创新的源泉在很大程度上被历史学家和科学哲学家所忽略。,英语多抽象，汉语多具体,英语的语言是抽象的 汉语的语言是具体的 disintegration 土崩瓦解.ardent （热心的；热情的）loyalty 赤胆忠心 total exhaustion 筋疲力尽 far-sightedness 远见卓识 careful consideration 深思熟虑 perfect harmony （和声；和睦）水乳交融 feed on fancies 画饼充饥 with great eagerness 如饥似渴 lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网 make a
13、 little contribution （捐款；捐助）添砖加瓦 on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕,英语多引申，汉语多推理,You know a word by the company it keeps. Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to
14、one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 译文: 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践趋向一致，认为历史是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。,英语多省略，汉语多补充,Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.野心不仅是罪恶的根源，同时也是毁灭的根源。 Reading exercises ones eyes; Speaking, ones tongue
15、; while writing, ones mind. 阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.,英语多省略，汉语多补充,Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or （to use）both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative valid
16、ity and （depends）upon such factors as cost and availability. 译文：因此，究竟是使用测试，其它种类的信息，还是在特定的情况下两者都使用，取决于关于相对效度的来自经验的证据，同时还取决于成本和可获得性这样的因素。,中英文化差异,Mr. Brown is a very white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him, he was in a brown study. I hope hell soon be in the pink again. 布朗先生是一位忠实可靠的人。那天,他的脸色不好,近来他一直都感到闷闷不乐。我见到他的时候,他显得心事重重。我希望他早点振作起来。,中英文化差异,1、生存环境的差异 spend money like water 挥金如土；花钱如流水 all at sea 2、习俗差异 Every dog has hi
