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1、定 语 从 句第1讲相关概念考点1.主句、从句、关系词主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，相当于主句的一个定语先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的三个作用 1. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。2. 起着连接主句和从句的作用。 3. 代指被修饰的先行词。考点2.关系代词指人时可以用who, 也可用that。Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man wh
2、o/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.指物时可以用which, 也可用that：I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.whose可以指人也可以指物He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.The dog whose tail is very short is my
3、neighbors.关系代词作宾语时可以省略：I like the meal (that/which)we had last night.Do you know the boy (who/whom/that)we talked about just now?考点3.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。例如：We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a cha
4、nge is needed.That is no reason why you should leave.This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)基础过关：1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。The man / was here yesterday is a painter.The man / / / I saw is called Smith.A child parents are dead is called an orphan.Id like a room window looks out over the sea.A letter / is writ
5、ten in pencil is hard to read.The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important.That is the boy / / you are looking for.Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting.This is the school I used to study.I still remember the day we met for the first time.2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：主
6、句：_ 定语从句：（ ） 先行词：先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).先行词The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.Have you bought the book which we talked about?I still remember the day which we spent together last week.He still lives in the house whose windows face south.The boy whos
7、e father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.The girl who you met was Johns sister.There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends.They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.Is this the hospital where you were b
8、orn?第2讲关系词的选择考点1.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。1.He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.2.He worked in the factory where his father had worked.3.I like the school which is near to my home.4.I like the school where my sist
9、er studies.在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句3和句4中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是做主语，因此用的都是关系代词which在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是做状语，因此都是用关系副词where我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分。考点2.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1.找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词（参看本章第1讲）2.还：根据先行词提供的意
10、思，大胆的把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）3.替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对划线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用成which/that即可）例如：1.This is the school _ I once studied.2.This is the school _ is the most famous in the city.3.I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：（略）还原
11、：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：1. I once studied at the school.2. The school is the most famous in the city.3. My father teaches English at the school.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据 “对划线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where 2. that/which 3. where考点3.关系词一般要位于定语从
12、句的句首【2009江西】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in
13、 his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why2. Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why3. The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what4. He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.A. which B. where
14、C. what D. whose5. He lives in the village _ he was born.A. which B. where C. what D. whose6. In an hour, we travel to places_ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.A where B. when C which D. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places_ we can relax and get refreshed.A. where B. when C. which D. what8. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which9. The place _he had a good time last Sunday was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which10.Ill never forget the days _ we studied together.A. that B. 不填 C
