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1、研究历年真题，熟悉常考的语法难点,四级辅导,四级语法的要求： 巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。,返回,语法结构,语法结构,四级辅导,1,理解文中的所指:,例1, (95.6) The student was just about to the question, when suddenly he found the answer. A, arrive at B, submit to C, give up D, work out,例2, (95.6) All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers cou
2、ld do nothing but take the train。 A, had been cancelled B, have been cancelled C, were cancelled D, having been cancelled,2,确认逻辑关系:,前言：,3,语法考点:,语法重点: 虚拟语气, 主谓一致, 倒装结构, 非谓语动词, 状语从句, 定语从句, 独立主格, 情态动词。 另外重点复习以上项目中的特殊用法。,着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词,介词短语和连词。,lest, in case, otherwise 等。,一部分表示建议,主张,命令,紧要等概念的词语,由于本身隐含
3、说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句往往采用,(should) + 动词原形,1, 虚拟倒装句；,在 would rather, wish, as if, its time that 等 句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望：,四级辅导,I. 虚拟语气:,2, 用虚拟的句型：,虚拟语气常见并在复习中特别要加以注意的：,语法结构,It is vital (重要的, 生死攸关的, 致命的) It is necessary It is important It is urgent It is imperative (必要的事, 势在必行的, 急需的) It is desirable +
4、that + 动词原形 It is advisable (明智的, 适当的) It is natural It is essential It is proposal It is suggestion It is lest + that + should + 动词原形 If only + that + would + 动词原形,It is time It is about time + that + 一般过去时 It is high time,would rather + that 从句 + 一般过去时,四级辅导,语法结构,II. 主谓一致三条原则,1) 语法一致原则,例8, My frien
5、d has no intention of going shopping with me. 例9, My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.,2) 意义一致原则,例10, The class are busying writing English passages. 例11, The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology.,3) 就近原则,例12, Neither my friends nor I was
6、able to persuade him to accept our advice. 例13, Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no one else there. 例14, There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.,由either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 连接或 由here, there等引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则,四级辅导,语法结构,四级辅导,1. 动词单复数,1.2, 用 and 连接的成份一般
7、用复数。,例18, your problem and mine are similar. 例19, Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast. 例20, Two hundred and fifty pounds_ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were D) be 例21, My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.,cattle (家畜,牛), people, poultry (家禽),
8、 militia (义勇军, 民兵组织), police, faculty, flock, machinery, personnel, vermin(害虫,歹徒)等,动词要用复数。,1.1, 复数名词。,例15, The police have caught the murder. 例16, Our personnel are very highly trained. 例17, The vermin(害虫,歹徒) are very dangerous.,语法结构,四级辅导,1.3, 主语中含有某些连词 (as well as, besides, in addition to 等) 时， 谓语动
9、词的数同第一个主语保持一致,例22, Bread and butter_ what Americans usually have for breakfast. A) are B) is C) was D) were 例23, Two hundred and fifty pounds_ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were D) be,1.4, 动词常用单数的情况,1.4.1, 名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式,例24, To finish the work in adv
10、ance is what he wants. 例25, Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health 例26, What seems easy in theory is difficult in practice. 例27, What caused the accident is a complete mystery.,语法结构,四级辅导,1.4.2 what 引导名词从句作主语时，其表语是复数形式时， 系动词也可以是复数形式,例28, What we badly need here are qualified teachers.,1.4.3,
11、当主语是单数, 后面跟着由 including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by 等连接的短语时,谓语动词用单数。,例29, the factory, with all its equipment, has been burned. 例30, Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music. 例31, Doctor Richards,
12、together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight. 例32, My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.,语法结构,四级辅导,1.4.4, one, one of, every, everyone, everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someon
13、e, somebody 用作主语或修饰主语时，动词用单数形式,例33, Each man, woman and child has the same right. 例34, Many a student doesnt like to do their homework. (many a studentmany students) 例35, Either of students is going to compete for the president of the students union. 例36, More than one person was involved in the cas
14、e. 例37, every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 例38, Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university . A) has been accepted B) have been accepted C) was accepted D) were accepted,1, neither 用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2, 定语从句用过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时。,语法结构,四级辅导,1.4.5, 表示时间, 距离, 重量,
15、 体积, 钱的复数名词, 作主语时作为整体来看待, 动词通常用单数。,例39, Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me. 例40, Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on foot. 例41, Ten years has passed but he didnt change at all.,1.4.6, a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of
16、+ 名词 作主语时，其动词一般用单数形式,例42, A series of accidents has occurred recently in America. 例43, A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.,语法结构,四级辅导,1.4.8, 事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数,例46, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain and it is an interesting book. 例47, The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace.,1.4.7, 表示数量的短语 a lot of, any o
