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1、英译汉理论与实践,练习参考答案 程永生,说 明,此次更新，为英译汉译论与实践练习及参考答案制作了全部课件，但为网络空间计，这里仅为每章提供两道练习和两个参考答案。,目录,第一章 英美时文选段汉译 第二章 美国总统就职演说选段汉译 第三章 英国名家演说选段汉译 第四章 英美小说选段汉译 第五章 美国文学史选段汉译 第六章 国外翻译理论著作选段汉译,第一章 英美时文选段汉译,Exercises 1 2,Analysis and translation:,1 Analysis of the original 2 Staged translation,1 Analysis of the origina
2、l:,1) Grammatical analysis 2) Stylistic analysis,1)Grammatical analysis:,(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication,(1) Sentence structure:,The selection consists of a single complex sentence, composed of a main clause and an object clause.,(2) Additional complication:,In the sentence, in pa
3、rticular governments and SMEs is embedded as a parenthesis; at the end of the sentence, in particular the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization is also embedded as a parenthesis.,2) Stylistic analysis:,(1) Periodicity (2) Structural complication (3) Parallel structure (
4、4) Cohesive device (5) Structural and lexical formality,(1) Periodicity:,The selection is periodic in structure for the embedding of the parentheses, especially the one in the middle of the sentence.,(2) Structural complication:,The selection is structurally complicated for the fact that it is compo
5、sed of a complex sentence with two parenthetic structures embedded.,(3) Parallel structure:,In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, governments and SMEs; to better understand and participate; telecommunications and their trade applications; the International Telecommu
6、nications Union and World Trade Organization; in other intergovernmental organizations dealing with telecommunications and their trade applications, and in particular the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization.,(4) Cohesive device:,The selection is coherent thanks to the
7、 use of the following cohesive devices: structurally, parallel structures are frequently used; lexically, particular, organization, telecommunications, and others are repeatedly used; government is used as a partial repetition for intergovernmental, though of different categories; and in particular
8、is repeated.,(5) Structural and lexical formality:,The selection is structurally formal in that the sentence the selection is composed of is grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures; it is lexically formal in that in the selection, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequ
9、ently used, for example, consider, particular, relevance, developing, country, government, understand, participate, telecommunications, and others.,2 Staged translation:,1) Translation 1 with comments 2) Translation 2 with comments 3) Translation 3 with comments,1) Translation 1,他们认为，这样的工作在帮助发展中国家，尤
10、其在帮助政府和中小企业，关系甚为密切，以更好地理解并参与到正在进行的过程中去，参与到其他政府间的组织中去，应付通讯和电讯的贸易应用，尤其在国际电讯联盟和世界贸易组织中。,Comments:,The translation, produced by following the original strictly, has missed some important relations concerned with the fact that the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization is amo
11、ng other intergovernmental organizations, which, including ITU and WTO, are dealing with telecommunications and their trade applications, as revealed in the grammatical analysis.,2) Translation 2,他们认为，这种工作对帮助发展中国家，尤其对帮助政府和中小企业，关系尤为密切，以便它们更好地理解并参与到其他政府间的组织正在着手进行的电讯及其在贸易中的应用的进程中去，特别要参与到国际电讯联盟和世贸组织中的活动
12、中去。,Comments:,With the wordings reorganized, the present translation has caught the important relations as discussed above. However, 活动in the last line remains incongruous in the context.,3) Translation 3:,他们认为，此项工作对帮助发展中国家关系重大，尤其对政府和中小企业。其他政府间的组织，尤其是世界电讯联盟和世贸组织，正在研究电讯和电讯在贸易中的应用，让发展中国家了解这些进程，参与到这些进程
13、中去，尤为重要。,Comments:,The present translation is reorganized again, and to a large extent, irrespective of the original structures. Consequently, it sounds more logic, coherent, authentic and readable either locally or taking the text as a whole. This example shows that English textualization much depe
14、nds on grammatical patterning while Chinese textualization much depends on logic sequencing.,Exercise 2:,The meeting considered that the recommendations made by the United Nations International Symposium on Trade Efficiency in the sector of telecommunications remain a valid basis for the continuatio
15、n of intergovernmental activities in the area of the telecommunications, business facilitation and trade efficiency. The experts underlined that UNCTAD should pursue its work in this area by complementing UNISTE recommendations through the consideration of a number of recent trends and events, which
16、 have been and will continue to be of critical importance for the competitiveness of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, in the years to come.,Analysis and translation:,1 Analysis of the original 2 Staged translation,1 Analysis of the original:,1) Grammatical analysis 2) Stylistic analysis,1)Grammatical analysis:,(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication,(1) Sentence structure:,The selection consists of two sentences, of which the first is a complex sentence, c
