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1、1,By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not s
2、upposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.,3.3 Amplification (增译法),2,1、增加动词,1).
3、Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。,2) . We dont regret, we never have and never will.,我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。,3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference.,看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。,3,2. 增加形容词或副词,1). With what enth
4、usiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!,中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！,人群渐渐散开了。,2). The crowds melted away.,他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。,3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.,4,4). She lingered long over his letter.,5). In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tra
5、ctor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together.,在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。,她反反复复地回味着他的来信。,6,4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine.,那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。,5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.,他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。,6). A new kind of
6、carsmall, cheapis attracting increasing attention.,一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。,由例、可见，均在形容词前增加名词，从而使译文更具体，更符合译语习惯。,7,8). His arrogance made everyone dislike him.,他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。,9). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.,一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。,由
7、例8 、9可以看出， 某些动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可以根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合规范。 又如：,8,to persuade 说服 persuasion说服工作 to prepare 准备 preparation准备工作 backward 落后 backwardness落后状态 tense 紧张 tension紧张局势 arrogant 自满 arrogance自满情绪 mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为 antagonistic敌对 antagonism 敌对态度,9,4. 增加代词,1). 小不忍则乱大谋。,If one is not patient in
8、 small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.,2). 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔英汉翻译手册）,Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong
9、Shukong, A Handbook of Translation),10,He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.,3). 没有调查就没有发言权。,当然了，例还可以认为是增补主语“he”。 又如：“又要马儿跑得快, 又要马儿不吃草, 简直可笑。”,You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze. Isnt it ridiculous!,Dont put your hands in your pockets.,4). 别把手搁在口袋里。
10、,11,5). 一天天冷起来了。,It is getting colder day by day.,6) 尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。,It is better to try and fail than never try at all.,7). 你三星期完成这项设计不容易。,It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks.,8). 把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。 It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.,12,5、增加语气词或量词,汉语
11、有许多语气助词，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、“嘛”、“吗”、“啦”、“了”不同的语气词可以发挥不同的作用，英汉互译时需用心体验，以期译出从意义和修辞色彩等都符合的译文。同时，英语中的数词（包括不定冠词a）与可数名词直接连用，它们之间并无量词，而汉语往往要借助量词。因此英译汉时，应根据实际情况恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的名量词。,不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。,1). Dont get angry. Im just making fun of you.,13,3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheer
12、ful and undefeated.,2). As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，从一开始就不赞成。,那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧,4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.,一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。,14,5). A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.,一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。,6）This too was a complicat
13、e lie.,这也纯粹是一派胡言。,7). Once, they had a quarrel.,有一次，他们争吵了一番。,15,从例7、8、9可见，英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.,8). Seeing is believing.,百闻不如一见。,9). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.,万变不离其宗。,16,White clouds float over the blue sky. Can yo
14、u manage without help? I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others. In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second. Dont be weaving. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. “ How shall I do it?” “Jus
15、t as you wish!” He felt the patriot rise within his breast.,17,Opposite to the principle of amplification, omission is however not contradictory to it. On contrary, omission supplementary to amplification, omits what is considered necessary and indispensable in English may be deemed useless, superfl
16、uous and even encumbrance. This principal makes the version brief, concise and clear. For example, 1). A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 2). The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 3). On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上课。,3.4 Omission (省译法),18,1. 省略代词 英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯，但前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时，后句主语一般省掉。如： 1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 2). We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。,19,3). Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.
