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1、文学翻译 Literary Translation 广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院 张保红 2013.08.,1 文学翻译课程设置的必要性 2文学翻译课程教学思路 3文学翻译课程教法示例 4文学翻译课程的意义,1 文学翻译课程设置的必要性 我在大学教书，因此免不了要研读谈翻译的书。谈翻译的书，特别是谈文学翻译的书，一般有两大类：一类是纯粹探讨翻译理论的书，搞翻译的人大都不看，看也看不下去；一类是单纯探讨翻译技巧的书，这类书有些是不怎么做翻译的人“研究”出来的，不是隔靴搔痒，也多是纸上谈兵，所谓的实用指南并不能用到实践中去。 文学翻译工作者戒 （译事十戒；译事十法） 英语世界2012（3）：4-6
2、, 文学翻译由来已久，而且现在的本科翻译专业基本上走的都是文学翻译的老路子，仍然重复文学翻译的课程设置, 中国翻译2012（1）：26 用文学翻译的例子研究普适性的翻译问题，反 过来，用普适性的翻译认识来理解与指导文 学翻译。 愚忠 VS 审美忠实 审美忠实：不可叛逆的文学翻译之重 英语世界2012（2）：4-6,美在何处：理解与表达 理解： 美的感悟美的分析审美鉴赏 文体特征与主题意义（美的分析） 文学式鉴赏 VS 翻译式鉴赏（审美鉴赏） 层次与方法 （文本层次论）,文本层次/结构论（二分法、三分法、五分法、八分法） 文学话语层 文学形象层 文学意蕴层,表达： 美的传译 等值、等效 美的创造
3、 得失（原因、价值） 目的与原则 结合体裁语言特点与翻译原则,3文学翻译课程教法示例 课前后阅读/熟读10篇/段相应体裁的文学作品及译文； (附录一 文学名著名译选读) 课程从翻译实践讲起，每种体裁选讲2-3篇/段，篇幅长短结合，学时数可均分于四种主要体裁； 每次授课穿插介绍部分文学翻译的相应知识，将这部分内容贯穿整学期，最后讲解什么是文学翻译； 翻译作业或选自教材，或选自相关的英语读物，或自己的翻译实践；写出翻译的过程与结果分析。（选经典篇目） 教师讲评作业，学生分组按教材所示进行翻译过程演示；,演示 A Red, Red Rose R. Burns Sonnet 18 W. Shakesp
4、eare To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time R. Herrick Daffodils W. Wordsworth Song to Celia B. Johnson Spring T. Nash Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening R. Frost On the Grasshopper and the Cricket J. Keats The Tides Rises, the Tide Falls H. W. Longfellow When You Are Old W. B. Yeats,演示 The First Sn
5、ow (Longfellow) The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the
6、 leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling
7、 wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.,审美鉴赏 1. 声音美 2. 节奏美 3. 意象美 4. 修辞美 5. 错综美 6. 感知美 7. 绘画美 8. 宁静美 9. 境界美,1. 声音美（long vowels）(53/118=45%)（雪花片片、徐徐降落）,Voiceless consonant（微风轻拂 雪花飘飞）,长元音和流辅音（l/ r/ m/ n）多会使节奏放慢 （王佐良）,2. 节奏美 长短句的运用 (- 代表一个词) -。
8、-， - ，-， -， - ，-， -! -，-；-, -。-, - ,-, -！-, -。-,-！-, -。 - 短长长短短短长 - 长短相间、形式曲折变化、跌宕起伏、心物同构（整体舒缓，但波澜起伏-!） 节奏的功能 - 舒缓;平和;宁静;沉思,3. 意象美 the first snow - the first love - the first kiss - the first lady - the first aid - the first night (戏剧等初次上演的夜场) - First Cause （造物主、上帝）, seclusion: (place / mood) the st
9、ate of being private and away from other people - seclude oneself from society - a secluded life - a secluded spot 问君何能尔？心远地自偏。 (Secluded heart creates secluded place), the hearts of children - the hearts of men / women / youth My heart leaps up when I behold WilliamWordsworth My heart leaps up when
10、 I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety.,4. 修辞美 parallel construction / antithesis - all day long, all night lo
11、ng, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! - Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels!, diction - all white save the river not “except” - across the landscape not “sce
12、nery” - winding black line not “twisting” - the chiming of sleigh-bells- not “ringing/ jingling”,5. 错综美 How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! （错综：上下上下） （改写：从上至下） （ on the mounta
13、ins, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead，on the meadows! ）,All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branch
14、es. 近大/ the river远小/ marked its course by a winding black line近大/ the landscape； 近低/ the leafless trees远高/ the leaden sky近低/ the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches.,6. 感知美 （时间过程、同时并发、经验的传达） How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on t
15、he meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! 经验与逻辑： (on the mountains, the meadows, the roofs of the living and the graves of the dead!), All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. -逻辑表述（经验由近及远，由低到高。先河/树，后情形） - All is white . - All white save the river that marked its course (无直感) - the leafless trees that against the leaden sky now revealed .,- 感知美（时间过程、同时并发） What silence, too, came with
