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1、豌豆语法-非谓语动词,豌豆群：7298916,一、定义 1定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。 2非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。,二 动词不定式 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1不定式的构成 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. The patient asked to be operated on
2、 at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.,完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I happened to have seen the film. I regretted having told a lie. 2不定式的句法功能： 作主语： To finish the work in ten minu
3、tes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式 短语 作主语时，常用it作 形式 主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart.,作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,fo
4、rce,call on, wait for , invite.例如： With a lot of work to do , he didnt go to the cinema 作定语： We have made a plan to finish the work. He has no place to live. He found a good house to live in.,作状语： 表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反
5、的结果 意料之外)：常放在never only后 He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. 表原因：常放在形容词后面 They were very sad to hear the news. 表程度： Its too dark for us to see anything The question is simple for him to answer.,二、动名词 1定义：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能 2动名词的形式： 一般式：Seeing is
6、 believing. 被动式：He came to the party without being invited 完成式：We remembered having seen the film 完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 否定式：not + 动名词：I regret not following his advice 复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again,3 动名词的句法功能： 作主语： Re
7、ading aloud is very helpful. Collecting stamps is interesting 作表语： In the ant city , the queens job is laying eggs. 作宾语： They havent finished building the dam. We have to prevent the air from being polluted.,注意:要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语 enjoy, finish ,suggest ,avoid（避免），excuse, delay, imagine ,keep, miss,
8、consider, admit（承认），deny（否认），mind, permit, forbid, practice , risk（冒险），appreciate（感激），be busy, be worth, feel like(想要做某事）, cant stand ,cant help（情不自禁地），think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from），protectfrom, set about ,be engaged in, spend(in),succeed in ,be used to, look fo
9、rward to, object to（反对做某事）, pay attention to, insist on,作定语： He cant walk without a walking stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school? 作同位语： The cave, his hiding-place is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged 三、现在分词 1现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。,2现在分词的语态
10、 现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park , singing and talking. Having done his homework ,he played basket-ball. 现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times ,the
11、 naughty boy made the same mistake.,3 现在分词的句法功能： 作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 现在分词作表语： The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring 作宾语补足语：
12、Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate.,现在分词作状语： 作时间状语：（While)Working in the factory ,he was an advanced worker. 作原因状语：Being a League member ,he is always helping others. 作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home ,cleaning and washing 作条件状语：(If) Playing all day, y
13、ou will waste your valuable time 作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 作目的状语：I hunted around from city to city，hoping to get a job 作让步状语：Though raining heavily ,it cleared up very soon. 与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus ,a bird fell on my head,四、过去分词 1定义：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规
14、则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则 2过去分词的句法功能： 过去分词作定语： Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 过去分词作表语 The window is broken. They were frightened at the sad sight.,过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. With the work done, they
15、went out to play 过去分词作状语： Praised by the neighbours , he became the pride of his parents Given more time , Ill be able to do it better Though told of the danger ,he still risked his life to save the boy. Filled with hopes and fears ,he entered the cave.,练习： 1. _ anything about the accident, he went
16、to work as usual. A Dont know B not to know C not knowing D not to be knowing 2. the next morning she found the man _in bed, dead. A lying B lie C lay D laying 3. he had his leg _in the match yesterday. A to break B broken C break D breaking,4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A invited B to invite C being invited D inviting 5-Good morning. Can I help you ? -I d like to have this package _ A be weighed B to be weighed C to weigh D weighed 6_more at
