《[精]人教初二英语下全册语法总结》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《[精]人教初二英语下全册语法总结(7页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、初二英语下全册语法总结重点语法一般将来时态的应用do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) dodo/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in
2、a few years?重点语法过去将来时一、过去将来时的结构should/would+动词原形do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) dodo/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.否定句例句:You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?重点语法过去进行时d
3、o/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doingdo/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句:I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a
4、UFO landed?动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.重点语法宾语从句结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)1、引导名词性从句的连接词(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分(2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。I dont know if
5、 /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态(1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。(2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。She
6、 asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。(3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。重点语法if 引导的条件状语从句结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句if + 条件状语从句 + (comma) + 主句注意:在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。例句:Youll have a great time if you go to the part
7、y.=If you go to the party, youll have a great time.重点语法现在完成进行时态do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doingdo/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做过去发生的动作对现在造成影响I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
8、肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句:I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?重点语法现在完成时一、现在完成时的结构主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.)否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他.疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分
9、词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。Weve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。3、表示说话前发生过一
10、次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。重点语法反意疑问句反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。Hes a student, isnt he?Shes not his mother, is she?回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。-Youre not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?-No, Im not.是的,我没有准备好。-Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。