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1、Summary Writing常见的同义替换：1. 动词(词组)：absorb-assimilate 吸收agree partly-agree with reserve 有保留地赞同arouse-ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓励change-alter 改变consider-take into account 考虑devote to-dedicate to 把奉献于；专注于emphasize-accentuate 强调expect-anticipate 期望；预期explain-interpret/illustrate 解释；说明get into cha
2、os-with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱join-participate 参加；参与lead to-contribute to/ conduce to/result in 导致；产生 结果limit-stress/hinder/hamper 限制阻止；阻碍operate-manipulate 操作；操纵provide-lend-offer 提供；给予publicize-propagandize 宣传；公布sway-vacillate 影响；摇摆，使摇摆think-contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考；考虑；想起thrive-palmy(a.
3、)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)undermine-debilitate 破坏；使衰弱，衰竭use-employ/utilize 使用；利用want-intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；倾向于want to-desire 想要2. 形容词/副词：first-primarily 首先(ad.)hardly-merely-barely 几乎不(ad.)hurt-vulnerable 受伤 ；易受攻击 inevitable-indispensable 必然 ；不可缺少 in fact-actually/virtually 事实
4、上；实际上(ad.)key-crucial/vital/consequential 关键 ；重要 large-miraculous/marvelous 大 ；不可思议 (表程度)maybe-probably 也许；大概(ad.)more and more-increasing/growing 越来越多 obvious-conspicuous 明显 ；显著 old-ancient 老 ；古老 proper-apposite 适当 ；合适 persuasive-thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有说服力 true-accurate 正确 ；准确 vague-un
5、warranted/oversimplified 模糊 well-known-outstanding 著名 more often than not = oftenHe more often than not comes here. 3. 名词(词组)：bias-prejudice/discriminate 偏见；歧视big city-metropolis 大都市chance-alternative 机会；选择character-trait/individuality/personality 品质；特性；个性child-juvenile 孩子；青少年clash-conflict/collisio
6、n冲突custom-convention/tradition 传统；习俗delegate-representative 代表detail-specific 细节lawmaking-legislation 立法offspring-descendant 后代；子孙value-merit 价值附：1. purchasing power of incomesMaximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes 2. property = real estate 3. precision = accuracy4. Thinki
7、ng ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation5. reasoning = logical thought =thought6. popular culture= common culture7. cultural power= assimilating power10. judge = Justice （必考含义）“法官”11. apprehension （必考含义） = worryapprehensiveability 理解能力12. mind = people= individual 13. faith=confidence 信心
8、14. drug= medicine15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore the market = expand the market18. entail =make= cause19. nature；nurture/ born； made /inherited；acquired/（先天和后天）innate cognitive/intuitive made/born20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点；特质 21. compl
9、ementary=auxiliary 22. suits = enable = entail（This job entails a lot of hard work.）24. mechanical = unchanged mechanical learning Dynamic=changeable=variable；varyModify=change25. distinction= fame 26. implication； connotation； suggestion； reference； carry important implications for（短语动词）27. accumul
10、ation = expansion = augmentation28.literally = actually=absolutely 29. initiatives=measures Initiatives =intentionInitiative =activeInitiative=primitive=beginning30.endeavors=efforts31.Doubt= deny= dont believe33. 经济下滑，衰退slowing economy/softening economy/stagnant economy/economic recession/economic
11、decline/economic stagnation （stagnant）/depression/slowdown34.symptoms =negative example35.frames = body36.grasp = understanding37.reshape= remold38.entitle :we are entitled to some privileges./Some privileges are given to us ./Some privileges are conferred on us.4. 其他：although-albeit/notwithstanding
12、 尽管(conj.)because-in that-since-seeing 因为(conj.)but-nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是(conj.)through-in term of/via 通过(prep.)to sum-to summarize/in conclusion 总之；最后 表示“地位” ：status, rank 表示“偏见” ：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality 表示“组成” 同义表达：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of 表示“导致
13、” ：result in, cause, lead to 表示“发行”：issue, release, distribute, launch 表示“授予” ：grant, award 表示“结果” ：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to 表示“交易” ：deal, trade, exchange, transaction 表示“能力” ：ability, capability, potential, power 表示“结束” ：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete 表示“语言
14、” ：verbally, language, words, lingual 表示“精确” ：accuracy, precision 表示“以前” ：previous, former, latter, prior to 表示“加强，促进” ：promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce 表示“前景，未来”：prospect, future, expectation, outlook 表示“顾客” ：customer, client, consumer, guest 表示“暂停、延期” ：suspend, phase back, put off, stop, po
15、stpone, delayed 表示“信息” ：information, message, data, figure, statistics 表示“公司” ：enterprise, firm, company, corporation 表示“故意” ：deliberately, intentionally, purposely, on/in purpose 表示“冷漠” ：indifferent, neutral, carefree, detached(超然 ) 表示“抱怨” ：complain, moan, groan 表示“吸引” ：appeal, attract, fascinate, tempt, absorb 表示“赶上” ：catch up with, keep up with 表示“对手” ：rival, equal, comparative, competitor, opponent, adversary, enemy 表示“谨慎” ：prudent, cautio
