中考英语复习--定语从句

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1、十三、定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、 代词叫做先行词。 一、引导词（关系词） ：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成 分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语） , whom（作宾语） , whose（作定语） , which （作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）. 2.关系副词when, where, why. 注意： 1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略. eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well. 2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。但当关系代词是

2、that 时，则不能放在介词后。 eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived = This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. =This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in 二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的先行词是人时用that , who , whom , whose; 先行词是物时用that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when , where. eg. 1)The boy who / that is stand

3、ing under the tree is Jim. 站在树下的 那个男孩时Jim. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你认识那个 妈妈是司机的女孩吗？ 3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去过 你爸爸工作的工厂吗？ 但注意区别who / that ( 指人 )；which / that ( 指物 ) 1.修饰人只用who 的情况： a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。 b. there be 句型中修饰名词时。 c

4、. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。 eg.1)Anyone who hasn t handed in his home- work should stay after school. 没交作业的 任何 人放学后都要留下。 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校门口有位 想见你的 女孩。 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公 园你见过那个 穿红衬衫的 人吗？ 2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：

5、 a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no 时 c. 先行词既有人，又有物时 d. 主句是 who / which 引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。 eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的 事吗？ 2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是现

6、在 能帮助我们的唯一的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈论着他 拜访过的 老师和 参观过的 学校。 4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？ 3.修饰物只用which 的情况： a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 b. 先行词为that 时 eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是 鲁迅以前住过的房子。 2)What s th

7、at which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的 那个是什么？ *三、定语从句可简化为短语 1定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分 词短语。 2定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。 3定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。 eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 2)Tell the children who are playing there not t

8、o do that. = Tell the children playing there not to do that. 3)The book that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we should fear. = We have nothing to fear. 练习 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1.Is it the very house _ you lived in ten years ago? 2.The woman _ sits next to th

9、e door is my mother. 3.I ll never forget the year _ I joined the League. 4.It is the house _ I was born. 5.The house _ roof is broken has been repaired. 二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。 1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother. _ _. 2.This is a book which was written by a worker _ 3.The student who is fr

10、om Canada speaks French. _ _. 4.She has a lot of work that she must do. _ 三、选择填空 ( )1.The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film _has been shown this year. A. who B. th

11、at C. which D. when ( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that D. in where ( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers _ interested him A. what B. who C. that D. which ( )5.My father still remembers the day _ he joined the army. A. when B. which

12、C. to which D. from which ( )6.I ll never forget the summer holidays _ we spent together. A. when B. in which C. which D. how ( )7Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who ( )8.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A.

13、 who B. where C. what D. that ( )9.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who ( )10.Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? Oh! It s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which ( )11.I hate the people _ don t help others when they are in tr

14、ouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where ( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which ( )13.This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which ( )14.Nobody knows the reason _ she didn t come to the meeting. A. that B. which

15、 C. why D. when ( )15.The moon is a world _there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why ( )16.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which ( )17.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which ( )18.Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which ( )19.He got to the village _ his family once lived before lib