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1、代 词,I. 代词的分类,人称代词 I , you ，she ，him 疑问代词 who whom what 物主代词 my 、your、hers 关系代词 which 、that、who 反身代词 myself、yourselves 连接代词 who、which、what 相互代词 each other、one another 不定代词 one、each、another、neither 指示代词 this、that、those、these,II. 人称代词的用法,1) 作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English. 2)在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it
2、? Its me. 但有时用主格。 If I were she, I wouldt go there. It was I who told him about it. 3)并列人称代词的顺序。单数：2,3.1. 复数：1,2,3,III.反身代词,1)作宾语。I teach myself mathematics. She is looking at herself in the mirror. 2) 作介词的宾语。 a. 表示“对比”，“自己” She loves me for myself, not for my money. b.）介词oneself 的常见用语。 to oneself(对
3、自己），for oneself（亲自，独自；为了自己），of oneself（自己的） ，between oneselves（秘密地）， in oneself（本来, 本身） ，by oneself（单独地，独立地） 3)作同位语，起强调作用。 You yourself told me the story.,3).that 和 those 用于表比较的结构。 The weather of Beijing is just as good as that of Tianjin. TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here. 4).
4、 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你.,不定代词有both, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, few, some, any, each, every, no, none等，重点学习以下几个： (一) both, either, neither (二) one, another, the other (三) little, a little, few, a few (四) some / any, no / none, each / every, many / much,both, either, neither,both为
5、“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 作主语： 1) Both (of them) enjoyed the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。 2) Neither (of us) is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。 3) Either (of you) will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。 注意：作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither, either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 作定语： 1) Both Zhang Huas father and mother worker
6、 work in a hospital, but neither one is a doctor. 张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。 2) You may take either apple. 两个苹果任你拿一个。,作宾语： 1) I like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜欢这两件玩具。 2) The boy could find neither of them and went away. 这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。 both 还可作同位语，它们句中的位置是在动词be，助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。 1) They are both
7、 in good health. 他们两人身体都很好。 2) They will both go there. 他们两人都收到那儿去。 3) They both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。,此外，either 可作副词用于否定句，表示 “也”，相当于肯定句中的 “too”。 This is not mine. That is not, either. 这不是我的，那也不是。 neither 表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中： I dont like to play football. Neithe
8、r does he. 我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。 She hasnt got a bike. Neither have I. 他没自行车，我也没有。 注意，both 和 and, either 和 or, neither 和 nor 可构成连词。表示“和两个都”，连接主语时谓语动词是复数；“不是就是”；“或或”，“既不也不”；“都不” 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，如： 1) Both Zhang and Wang are good students. 张、王都是好学生。 2) Either you or he is right. 不是你就是他对的。 3)
9、 Neither he nor i am a scientist. 他和我都不是科学家。,one, another, the other,1. one 常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如： I havent got a ball pen. Ill have to buy one. (= a ball pen)我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。 He is one to think more of others. 他是个能多为别人着想的人。 2. the other, another 都可解释为 “另一个”。other 加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another 指三
10、者以上中的另一个。例如： He was two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. Weve received two parcels, one from my uncle, the other from my aunt. I dont like this one, show me another, please. Ive just bought three things. One is a walkman, another is a pocketcalculator, the third is a video game.,3.
11、 another 还有 “再” 的意思，例如： Have another cup of coffee, please. 再喝一杯咖啡吧！ She could have to stay here for another week. 他将在这里再待一个星期。 4. other 有 “另外” 的含义。例如： Where are the other students? 其他学生在哪里？ The boy is much cleverer than the other two. 这孩子比另两个更聪明。 5. others 和 the others 表示复数的泛指和特指。例如： In the park so
12、me are playing games. Others are walking near the river. I have five colour pencils. One is red, another is blue and the others are green. 6. the rest 也可作 “其余的” 解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如： The rest of his life was spent in America. 他的余生是在美国度过的。 He has eight books. Two are in English. The rest are in Chi
13、nese. 他有几本书，两本是英文，其余的是中文。,little, a little, few, a few,1. little 与 a little 两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little 作 “很少”，“几乎没有” 解，有否定的意思，a little 作 “少许”、“有一点” 解，有肯定的意思，例如： In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。 There is little left, is there? 没剩多少了，是吗？ 2. few, a few 用来修饰可数名词，前
14、者表示否定，后者表示肯定。 A few of us speak English well. 我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。 There were few eggs is the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了，所以他去超市买了一些。 3. few 作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数，例如： Few men know this, do they? 4. 常用词组有 quite a few (好几个)，only a few (只有一个)，a very few (极少数)。例如： He studied Chine
15、se for quite a few years. 他学汉语已有好几年了。,some, any, no, none, each, every, many, much,（1）some 和 any: some (一些，某个) 句中可作主语、宾语、定语等，常用于肯定句。作定语时，它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词是单数时，some 表示 “某个” 的意思。例如： There are some newspapers on the table. I am going to buy some orange juice. Have you any questions? Yes, I have some.
16、 I have read that in some magazine. 当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时，在疑问句中也可用 some。例如： Would you like some tea? Could you lend me some money? any “一些” 用法相同于 some, 但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如： Is there any ink in your pen? Put up your hands if you have any questions.,注意： 1. any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. Tom runs faster than any of the other boys in his class. 2. some, any, every, no 可以与 body, thing, one 构成合成代词，这些
