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1、,English Expository Writing,说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。,Expository writing informs, explains, clarifies, or defines. The writing teaches, reveals, informs, or amplifies the readers understanding t
2、hrough a mix of key points and critical support.,2002 上海春季,某城市近年每百人中手机用户增长示意图,人数,根据所给图表，简要描述某城市近年每百人中手机用户增长情况，并试分析其增长原因。,某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据所反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。 生词：图表chart _2004 北京高考,按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型:,1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法,Our life t
3、oday depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goodseverything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.,1
4、.例证法 (Examples),这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。,这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。,Examples,for example for instance such as thus to illustrate as an illustration,2.定义法 (Definition),An
5、ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is learning. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldnt be afraid to show his feelings and
6、express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.,下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。,本段的展开是通过对一个模范教师下定义的方法,关键词ideal teacher在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。,Definition,In other words, A
7、s I said earlier, As I pointed out earlier, As mentioned previously,3.分类法 (Classification),As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people
8、are in favor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.,分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质
9、进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。,本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和温和派(moderate people),并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。,4.因果关系法 (Cause 指出其不同点,叫作对照。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。,这段采用先A后B的对照方式,阐述胜利者和失败者的不同特征。这种写法较易操作,但行文往往比较平淡单调。,Comparison 因果关
10、系研究的对象是Why it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是How it happens。,这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally)的使用加强了语句的连贯性。,Process Analysis,first, second, third firstly,secondly, thirdly finally afterwards eventually next then last,some exercises,请根据以下提示及图示，写一篇活动安排 乘渡轮上岛植物园寺院遗址 用午餐鸟鸣馆旅游商店乘缆车返回,例1,Ladi
11、es and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? Welcome to the Green Island National Park. Were going to visit the Island on the Lake today. Its really attractive. Well take a ferryboat to the island at 9:00 a.m. _place we are to visit is the Botanical Gardens. _ well visit the site of an old t
12、emple which has a history of over 600 years. Lunch will be at 11:30. _ the trip, youll see varieties of birds at the Birds House. By the way, you can visit the gift shop for souvenirs before we leave the island. We will get back by cable car at 3:30 p.m. I hope you will enjoy your stay on the island
13、. Thank you.,家用电脑体积小，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机；为将来寻找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数百倍；我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文字数120左右,例2,A Family Computer A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make n
14、otes, call others and type letters,etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of t
15、imes faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by computers.,Addition,moreover in addition besides furthermore as well as equally important,请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇说明文，说明保护森林的必要性 说明树木的主要用途：提供木材；吸水，防止水灾，旱灾；净化空气，美化生活 滥伐树木的危害；无计划砍伐造成水土流失，土壤沙化，造成水灾 每年都应植树造林，使其为人类更好服务等 字数：100左右,例3,_. They ar
16、e of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life. Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers with
