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1、Grammar,sentences,start !,句子成份, 句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（ subject group）,谓语部分（ predicate group）, 句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,1) 主语（subject）,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体，全句述说的对
2、象。一般由 担任,常置于句首。,2) 谓语（predicate）,说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,动词不定式,动名词 或从句,名词,主格代词,动词,(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year
3、. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go
4、 D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon, Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is t
5、his. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is, We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. hadC. sendfor D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. didC. whom D. book,3) 宾语（object）,He won the game. On the desk,表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于
6、n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。,Tome lost his life in the big fire.,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,
7、how about you?,4) 表语（predicative）,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。,He is a student.,除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词: 2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。,(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling ver
8、y tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.,5) 宾补（objective complement）,补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。,They made him king., ,I consider the book too expensive., ,高考常考的宾补通常是考： 使役动词感官动
9、词后边跟复合宾语,四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人躺在地板上，被绳子捆着。,句中的lying on the floor 为现在分词，作宾语补足语.,使役动词let; make; have 及感官动词hear; see; notice; feel; watch; observe; find等后面可接动词原形; 现在分词及过去分词， 考试一般考查宾补用do/ doing/ done的哪种形式。 + 动词原形强调动词与宾语之间存在主动关系及动作的全过程; + 现在分词强调动作与宾语之间存在主动关系, 及动作正在进行; + 过去分词强调动作与宾语之间存在被动关系, 及动作已经完成. 如:,1. I mus
10、t see my child cross the street. （cross 与宾语 my child 之间存在主动关系； 且看到了cross 的全过程） 2. I saw the thief stealing her money. ( stealing与宾语 the thief 之间存在主动关系； 且与 saw 同时发生。） 3. You will see many problems settled in this way. ( settled与宾语 many problems之间存在被动关系, 且发生在 see 之前）,1The teacher made the boy standing
11、 for a whole class as a punishment. 2. They saw a young man enter the old building. 3. He saw an old man knocked by a big truck yesterday. 4. We had built and let the raft sail down the river 5. But I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope. 6. And we found the mens boat tied to the ot
12、her side of the steamboat.,找出句中的宾补：,附属成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定 语 Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playin
13、g over there is my brother. People there like sports.,说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如： nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。 The boys in the room are in Class Ten.,(六) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr., Mrs. wi
14、th the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,7) 状语（adverbial）,用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示
15、不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （从句作时间状语),John often came to chat with me John likes oranges very much Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. A
16、s he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. Youd better stay here.,状 语,(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With
