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1、 短文填空备考指南1、 命题特点 短文填空是将一篇250字左右的短文抽取出10个单词，要求学生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个单词，使短文意思表达完整、正确的综合性阅读题。主要考查学生对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况。短文填空涉及到记叙文、说明文、应用文等几大文体，基本上以记叙文和应用文居多。主要考查以下词性：动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词、介词、冠词、连词、数词以及固定搭配等，动词时态变化、名词单复数、形容词和副词的比较级变化等也在考查范围。2、 解题步骤1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意 解题时先跳过空格，通读短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理
2、清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形 把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句子中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。4. 复读检查，消除疏漏，纠正错误 答案基本确定后，还需再次阅读全文，认真检查是否存在疏漏，意义是否连
3、贯，语法是否正确，语境是否符合逻辑，是否存在拼写错误等。3、 解题技巧(1) 要有固定搭配的意识 比如：1. One day, when I came home _ school,I couldnt find my grandma. 2. There are some differences between his mother _ father. 3. The Great Wall is known as the eight wonder of the world.Every year thousands _ Tourists from all over the world come to
4、visit this place of _ in China.(2) 要有上下文意识 前边出现了一个词，那么在后边出现的相似或相反的语境中也可能是该词的同义词或反义词，具体要根据文章的意思来确定。1.At the age of 14,he first heard of America.It was said to be the land of gold and poor people could easily become _ there.2. One the one hand, they look the same, they both have long hair and big eyes
5、.they like sports very much.But on the other hand,they are _.Tony isnt so outgoing as Tom.(3) 要有连词的意识注意观察空格前后的连词，可通过连词得知前后句子间的关系，从而有助于猜测所需单词的词义或词性等。They helped the elders with their bags , took photos for some tourists and answered peoples questions. Though they were very _, they didnt stop to have
6、a rest.(4) 要有逻辑意识把自己置身文章中，想想自己该怎么办，根据情景、作者的语气，褒义词、贬义词，猜测作者的意图，有时要根据上下文关系正确使用连词。1. From his answer we knew that he couldnt find his mother. We told him not to _ about it and then we tried to get in touch with his mother with the phone number he gave us.2. For years, we played other peoples songs, _ n
7、ow we play mostly our own songs.3. She didnt go to school yesterday ，_ she was ill.(5) 要寻找文中所提及的关键词 答题时要注意理解文中的大意，然后寻找所提及的关键词补充句子。1. One day Harveys wife was cleaning out a cupboard. “Look at all these _,”Harveys wife said to him, “There are eight and they are all broken. Ill take them all to the um
8、brella shop and have them repaired,”2. After dinner,the robot would wash the dishes when Mr.Smith relaxed himself.Watching his favorite TV programs,Mr.Smith was very pleased with the _.(6) 注意正确使用各类词性及词形的变换名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法动词：时态, 语态的变化形容词、副词：比较级、最高级等的用法代词：单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 不定代词等的用法连词：并列与从属连词的用法冠
9、词：定冠词the 和不定冠词 a , an 的用法介词：in , at , of , about , for. 等用法。数词：基数词 、序数词以及hundred , thousand , million , billion 等用法。4、 强化训练： （一）She is Liu Hui , a middle school student in Anhui ,one of the “stay at home children” in her town .Liu Hui is 12 years old and lives (1)_ her sister. Her parents left home
10、to (2)_ money in big cities when she was only four,Liu Hui has to take (3)_ of her younger sister. They have to stay at home alone (4)_ they have to go to shcool in the town. “I used to feel (5)_ without my parents at home,”she said,”but now I know (6)_ they do so. They have to go away to make money
11、 for us so that we can live (7)_ better life.”Every day,Liu Hui gets up at 6:30 a.m. and cooks (8)_ . Then the two girls go to school . They have supper at 6:00 p.m. Then Liu Hui does housework and (9)_ her sister with her homework.She usually goes to bed at 9:30 p.m.Though busy, Liu Hui is still th
12、e best student in her class. She said , “My life is OK.But I still hope my parents will come back and live with (10)_.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5. _6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ (二)Tuesday, 4th MayHurry! Ive just met my all-time hero Wong Kam-Po.Ive seen him many times (1)_ television,but it was fantastic to meet him
13、in person because cycling is my favourite sport. Id love to be a professional cyclist （自行车手）one day.I (2)_ at Shangri-La Hotel on Sunday to meet my family for lunch,when I found out that Wong Kam-Po was giving a talk there. Immediately I decided to (3)_ to the talk instead.Wong talked about winning
14、the gold medal at (4)_ 2006 Asian Games.He said he felt very (5)_ of himself and his teammates. He explained how he and his team prepared themselves for races.After the talk, I went up to him and introduced (6)_ .I asked him for some (7)_ to improve my riding skills.I was a bit nervous (8)_ I couldnt express myself very well. Wong said that we needed to believe in ourselves and should never give (9)_ .It (10)_a fantastic experience and I really enjoyed talking to my hero!1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5. _6._ 7._
