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1、American Romanticism,The origin of American Romanticism,oneofthemostimportantperiodsinthe history ofAmericanliterature stretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar. ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrvingsTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitmansLeavesofGrass.,Historical Background,Th
2、edevelopmentoftheAmericansocietynurturedtheliteratureofagreatnation.Americawasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America Economically,thewholenationwasexperiencingan industrialtransformation. Politically,dem
3、ocracyandequa1itybecame theidealofthenewnation,andthetwo-partysystemcameinto being. WiththefoundingoftheAmericanIndependentGovernment,thenationfeltanurgetohaveitsownliteraryexpression,tomakeknownitsnewexperiencethatothernationsdidnothave,The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism,For
4、eignliterarymasters,especiallytheEnglish counterpartsexertedastimulatingimpactonthe writersofthenewworld.Bornofonecommon culturalheritage,theAmericanwritersshared somecommonfeatureswiththeEnglish Romanticists.Theyrevoltedagainsttheliterary formsandideasoftheperiodofclassicismby developingsomerelativ
5、elynewformsoffiction orpoetry.,Freneau,Bryant,andCoopershoweda greatinterestinexternalnature intheir respectiveworks. TheliteraryuseofthemorecolorfulaspectsofthepastwasalsotobefoundinIrvings efforttoexploitthelegendsoftheHudson Riverregion,andinCooperslongseriesof historicaltales. Inshort,AmericanRo
6、manticismis,inacertainway,derivative.,The unique characteristics of American Romanticism,AlthoughgreatlyinfluencedbytheirEnglishcounterpart-s,the American romantic writers revealedunique characteristicsoftheir own in Their worksand theygrewonthenative lands.Forexample :,the American national experie
7、nce of pioneering into the west proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated Americas landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbo
8、lized moral law. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Coopers Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreaus Walden and, later, in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.,WiththegrowthofAm
9、ericannational consciousness,Americancharactertypes speakinglocaldialectsappearedinpoetryand fictionwithincreasingfrequency. ThentheAmericanPuritanismasacultural heritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmerican moralvaluesandAmericanRomanticism.Oneof themanifestationsisthefactthatAmerican romanticwriterst
10、endedmoretomoralize thantheirEnglishandEuropeancounterparts. Besides,apreoccupationwiththeCalvinistic viewoforigina1sinandthemysteryofevil markedtheworksofHawthorne,Melvilleanda hostoflesserwriters.,Major writers of this period,Poets:PhilipFreneau,WilliamCullenBryant,Henry Word sworth Long Fellow, J
11、amesRusselLowell, JohnGreenleaf Whitter,EdgarEllenPoe,and, especially,WaltWhitman,whoseLeavesOfGrass establishedhimasthemostpopularAmericanpoet ofthe19thcentury. Prose Writers: Washington Irving, James Fennimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Herman Melville.,
