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1、完形填空突破(二)说明文1说明型完形填空的特点(1)从其类别上看说明文一般有三类：实体说明文。实体是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品,包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。事理说明文。事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等,包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化,进而编成故事,对其进行介绍。(2)在说明型完形填空中,作者一般首先提出一个要说明的对象,如：某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动,然后按照时间、空间、事情发展的顺序、步骤,再运用举例、对比等方式进行介绍或说明。通过阅读这样的文
2、章,读者就会明白某种道理、掌握某种技巧或学会某种方法。2说明型完形填空的备考策略(1)分清说明对象,对症下药做说明型完形填空时,要注意它的说明对象是什么,是具体的实物还是理论性的概念。一般来说,在描述具体的实物时往往比较直观形象,我们很容易在头脑中产生所描述物体的影像,所以对文章的理解就比较容易；而在描述理论性的概念时,往往比较抽象,理解难度大。(2)把握说明顺序,顺藤摸瓜说明文的说明顺序有如下几种：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序等。时间顺序是指先后顺序。空间顺序是指从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外的顺序。逻辑顺序是指先因后果或先果后因、先主后次的顺序。认识顺序是指由此及彼、由浅入深、
3、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象的顺序。做题时弄清了说明顺序,按顺序思考,就不会偏离主题,出现理解上的偏差。(3)代入空格,验证答案完成了上两步后,别忘了还有“润色”。这里所说的“润色”是指：我们要回过头来,依照文章的内容,将我们选择的答案代入各空,看一下我们所选的答案是否符合逻辑。要注意的是,有时我们的答案针对这一空是对的,但很可能这一步骤应该是下一步要做的。这样我们就要进行调整,直到文章上下通达,步骤先后顺序清晰明了为止。1(2010太原调研)There are certain things British men like to believe about themselves.The fir
4、st is that one day they will again1the World Cup.They also believe they do not2.3the centuries,Britons are believed to have a “stiff upper lip”But is it true?Yes,it is.A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British express their emotions4that 95 percent of them still5their emotions.Moreover,6
5、72 percent think this is unhealthy,19 percent cant remember the last time they “let it out”As a result,Kleenex is7the “Let It Out” campaign that8Britons to grab a tissue and have a good cry.These days,however,the male Britons9toward crying is changing.Though the majority still10to open up emotionall
6、y,a 2004 study by Oxfords Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly11.Half of London males12crying in front of their mothers.Scotsmen are the least emotional,although they are most13to cry at weddings.Peter Marsh,director of the cente
7、r,said：“Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than14.Like David Beckham,crying because youre dropping off your boy at nursery isnt seen as weak.”Winston Churchill was said to be a15crier,shedding tears at seeing a16in an air raid shelter (防空洞),and when he saw his wife after a long17.Psychologis
8、ts say that while society has accepted that men can cry,there are18.Ronald Bracey,a consulting psychologist,said：“If a man began to cry when he was having stitches (缝针) in hospital,he would be19as a weak man.Men still need to be seen as strong when it20to physical pain.”1A.win Bdefeat Cown Dreceive答
9、案A解析考查动词。赢得世界杯,要用win。defeat击败,打败,宾语多为人或队等；own拥有；receive收到,接到；win表示“赢得(比赛等)”,故选win。2A.laugh Bcry Cshout Dtremble答案B解析考查行文逻辑。由下文可知,英国男人认为他们不能哭。笑(laugh)；大叫(shout)；发抖(tremble)都不是本文论述的话题。3A.Inside BOver CBefore DHalf答案B解析考查介词。over the centuries意思是“在这些世纪中”。over有“在期间”之意,符合句意。inside“在里面”和before“在以前”通常不与cent
10、uries搭配；由文中无法推理出half the centuries。4A.requires Binsists Cexhibits Dreveals答案D解析考查动词。分析句子成分可知,此处应选择的是主语study的谓语动词。此处意为：研究表明95%的男士仍然会克制自己的感情。结合选项可以判断reveal合适,表示“揭示,表明”。require需要；要求；命令；insist坚持；exhibit展出,陈列,均不符合句意。5A.conduct Bexpose Ccontain Dconstruct答案C解析考查语境。结合上下文,此处应是“95%的男士仍然会克制自己的感情”。故用contain,表示
11、“控制,克制”。expose暴露；conduct引导；管理；construct建造,构筑。6A.while Bbecause Csince Dfor答案A解析考查逻辑关系。通观全句可知,上下文为转折关系,即“尽管72%的人认为这是不健康的,但是19%的人记不起他们上一次发泄自己情感的时间了”。while可以表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。because/since/for都可以表示原因。7A.carrying Bstudying CstartingDcalling答案C解析考查语境和动词。由文意可知,Kleenex正在发动一项“Let It Out”的活动。此处动词应和名词campaign搭配
12、,故选start,表示“发动”之意。8Apersuades Ballows Corders Dencourages答案D解析考查动词。这项活动的目的显然是要鼓励(encourage)英国人发泄出来自己的情绪。说服(persuade)；允许(allow)；命令(order)三项与语境不符,并非一定要说服英国人哭,也不是别人允许才能哭,更没人命令谁去哭。9A.attitude Bface Cidea Dimpression答案A解析考查句意和搭配。从下文可知,这句话概括了英国男士对哭的“态度”的变化。attitude常与toward搭配使用,意为“对的态度”。face脸,面部；idea主意；imp
13、ression印象；感想,三者都不与句意吻合。10A.frightens Bstruggles Cfights Dbreaks答案B解析考查行文逻辑。句意为：尽管大部分人仍然需要做出很大努力才能公开表露自己的情感,但77%的英国男士已经认为当众流泪逐渐可以接受了。struggle to do sth.努力、尽力去做某事。frighten使惊恐；fight打仗,搏斗；break打破；违背,均与语境不符。11Aunimaginable BunbelievableCacceptable Dshameful答案C解析考查逻辑关系。根据上一小题解析可知,C项正确。acceptable可以接受的；unim
14、aginable想不到的；unbelievable难以相信的；shameful可耻的,三项表达的意思恰恰相反,故可排除。12A.admitted Badapted Cdenied Dsupported答案A解析考查动词。一半的伦敦男士承认在母亲面前哭过。admit承认；adapt使适应；deny否认；拒绝给予；support支持,拥护。显然只有admit符合句意。13A.surely Bcertainly Cpossibly Dlikely答案D解析考查逻辑关系。be likely to do.可能会。句意为：苏格兰男士是最不情绪化的,尽管他们最有可能在婚礼上流泪哭泣。possibly为副词,无be possibly to do结构；surely,certainly语气太过强烈,过于绝对化。14A.weaknessBstrength Cbravery Dhorror答案A解析考查逻辑关系。由rather than可知其前后的词为对立关系,即“现在哭泣可以表明敏感而不是软弱”。horror惊恐,恐怖,不符合语境。力量(strength)；勇敢(bravery)二者是近义词,均无法与sensitivity构成对比,可以排除。15A.brave
