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1、Theinfinitive,Theinfinitive,Book7unit1Livingwell,Learningaims,1.Revisetheinfinitive.2.Mastertheformsandthefunctions.3.Beabletousefreelyintheexercises.,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语,但不能单独作谓语不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,即forsb.todosth.。,结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo,不定
2、式,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4)Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之
3、前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoing,三.用法/功能,Toseeistobelieve.ItsimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,(1).主语,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.,Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.,is,is,(2).表语,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessary
4、totalktohimagain.,(3)宾语,think/consider/findit+adj.+todo,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,(4).宾补,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.,Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).,注意,1help后
5、面的“to”可省去,e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.,2see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面,不定式作宾语时要省“to”(注:被动语态不省to),3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep
6、.,Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,(5).定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),请给我一支写字的笔.,Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.,Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.,(6)状语(表示目的或结果),inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现,(7).独立结构
7、,tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.,类似的结构,(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.,宾语,主语,表语,exercise,Haveatry,Sentence-making,1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_arebothgreathappiness.2中国人民决不会屈服。TheChi
8、nesepeoplerefuse_3据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_.4根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported_,Toloveandtobeloved,togivein/beconquered,tohavefinished/completedhiswork,tohavearrivedsafely,5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike_.6玛利仿佛已经被告诉这件事了。Maryseemed_.7众所周知,奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_agoldmedalattheOlympic.,toberepairedatonce/immediately,tohavebeentoldaboutit,tohavebeengiven,Summary,Theinfinitive1.结构:todonot/nevertodo2.时态和语态:表格3.功能:主、表、宾、定、状、独立主格,Homework,Writeashortpassagethatcontainsinfinitives.Finishtheexercisesintheexercisebooks.Recitethewordsinunit1.,