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1、小学英语语法总复习,一、名词二、代词三、冠词四、动词五、动词的时态：1.一般现在时2.现在进行时3.一般将来时4.一般过去时六、介词七、数词八、形容词和副词,九、therebe结构十、英语基本句型1.陈述句变否定句2.陈述句变疑问句3.特殊疑问句十一、单词分类,一、名词,英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。,名词的数：,名词复数形式的构成,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数
2、的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen,所有格,所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加schild-childs以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess,下列情况一般用“of”结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时):thebookofthefilm2.东西的一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念
3、:thepriceofsuccess4.当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cantyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?,双重,s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyfathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。IsntFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTomshastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.,Practise,peach_2.zoo_3.glass_4
4、.fox_5.lady_6.policewoman_7.house_8.photo_9.monkey_10.wife_11.rose_12.path_13.judge_14.map_,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,二、代词,主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisits
5、theirs,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,后跟名词,能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语,主格一般放在句前，宾格一般放在动词或者介词后面,Practise,_(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom_(她).3.Itsallright;itsonly_(我).4.Today_(我们)wentin_(我们的)car;tomorrow_(我们)aregoingin_(他们的).5._(我)lend_(我的)booksgladlyto_(我的)friendsandto_(你的).6.Canyouhelp_(我)with_(我的)English.7.When_(你)gotose
6、e_(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto_(他).8._(他们)found_(它)difficulttolearnGerman.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,冠词,不定冠词a,an,定冠词the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,三、冠词,冠词,不定冠词a,an,定冠词the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,三、冠词,不定冠词的用法：表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。Ih
7、aveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache.,定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。Thereis
8、aboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。bytheway,inthemorning,Whatsthematter?,零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohave
9、dinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。playbasketball10.一些常用短语。athome,gotoschool,atnight,四、动词,动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。,Be动词
10、,am,is,are,was,were,been,Practise,1.He_verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI_goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3._youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King_inLondontwoweeksago.5.There_manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What_thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl_flyingakite.8.Who_notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever_toJapan?
11、10.I_notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,been,am,动词的基本形式,第三人称单数现在式,动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。,动词的过去式,现在分词,has,had,having,gives,gave,giving,gets,got,getting,reads,read,reading,sweeps,swept,sweeping,plays,played,playing,carries,carried,carrying,Practise,五、动词的时态,动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存
12、在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。,小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking3.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork4.一般过去时：worked,TheRevisionofFourTenses,一般现在时,alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever,I/You/We/They,He/She/It,+do(动词原形),+does,(第三人称单数）,1.+se.g.playsvisits,2.+es(以o,ch,sh,s,x结尾）e.g.goeswatcheswasheskissesfixes,3.
13、以辅音字母+y结尾的去y变i+ese.g.fly-flies,4.不规则变化e.g.have-has,现在进行时,now/look/listen,IWe/You/TheyHe/She/It,amareis,+doing,+inge.g.doing,2.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要双写最后一个字母+inge.g.swimmingrunninggetting,3.以哑巴e结尾，要去e再+inge.g.write-writingtake-taking,一般将来时,tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow/nextweek/nextmonth/nextyear.,IWe/You/
14、TheyHe/She/It,amareis,goingtodo,I/We/You/They/He/She/It,+willdo,一般过去时,yesterday/thedaybeforeyesterday/threedaysago/onemonthago/lastyear/lastmonth/lastnight/yesterdayevening,I/We/You/TheyHe/She/It,+did,1.+ede.g.played,2.以e结尾+de.g.danced,3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节要双写最后一个字母+ede.g.stopped,4.以辅音字母+y结尾的将y变i+ede.g
15、.fly-flied,5.不规则e.g.do-didgo-wenttake-took,Peter_(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe_(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat_(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5._you_(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She_(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What_hisfatherusually_(do)intheevening?8.They_(have)ameetingnextweek,arent
