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1、学校改进个案研究基于特色学校建设的视角摘要国内外各国教育改革历程显示，学校改进逐渐成为各国教育理论研究和实践研究的热点。但随着各国学校改进的深入进行，学校改进的视角也逐步丰富起来。本文主要关注点在于建设具有特色的学校，重点研究如何对学校进行改进。笔者分析了大量有关的文献资料，明确了“特色学校”的建设需要注意的问题，并界定了有关于“学校改进”的一些概念和要点。依次从学校、老师和学生的角度出发，综合了校园本身具有的文化因素以及教师和学生在其中发挥的作用，研究了特色学校的建设与学校的改进之间的关系。提出以特色学校建设为视角，推动学校改进时遇到的问题与不足，并提出了优化对策，以便为其他学校开展学校改进
2、提供新的视角和建设性的参考意见。本研究重点采用个案研究方法。选择了内蒙古的一所X小学作为研究的对象，在该小学内进行实地考察，在研究的过程中，主要运用了以下几种方法：首先是文献分析法，笔者研读了其所在地区的相关政策和该小学内的一些资料文献，对这所小学以特色学校建设促进学校改进过程进行阐述和分析；其次是访谈法法，笔者对相关人员进行了采访，分析了这所小学在进行学校改进时在学校外部（社会上）以及校园内部（学校领导及师生）所施行的一些办法和措施，并且研究了改进过程中存在的一些困难和问题；最后是观察法，笔者进入到该小学内部，观察了教师上课时的情况以及学校整体的状况。本研究主要从以下五个方面展开:第一章是本
3、文的绪论部分，这一部分首先介绍了笔者选取“学校改进”这一课题进行研究的原因和意义，并阐述了有关该课题的一些研究资料和国内外学者的观点，此外还提出了一些相关的概念。第二章是研究的思路和过程，这一章对整个研究课题做出了比较系统的阐述，向读者们交代了笔者在研究这一课题时的思路、研究方法的选择以及选取研究对象的过程。第三章主要阐述了个案小学为促进学校改进而进行的特色学校建设的探索过程。综合运用访谈法、观察法等研究方法分别介绍了个案小学特色教师发展、学校文化发展以及学生成长的过程，并总结了这三个方面的成效，进而得出特色学校建设的探索有助于推动学校改进。第四章比较系统地分析了通过特色学校建设在学校内部和外
4、部进行学校改进时实施的相关政策和办法。并且提出，学校改进的运行机制由内部运行机制和外部运行机制两方面组成。其中内部运行机制，主要系统地介绍了学校共同愿景的确定、教师专业发展以及学生的主动参与性；学校外部运行机制，主要阐述了教育行政部门的服务、大学与中小学展开合作以及与社区建立伙伴关系。第五章指出以特色学校建设促进学校改进中的问题，并针对具体问题提出优化对策。 本研究通过对内蒙古的这所小学进行个案研究，综合运用观察法、访谈法等研究方法总结了进行学校改进的优势以及特色学校建设对实行学校改进所产生的促进作用，分析了学校改进的实行方法和策略，找出了其中的不足并提出改进意见，这对其他学校在进行改进时有借
5、鉴性的经验关键词： 特色学校建设 学校改进 运行机制 问题与策略ABSTRACTThroughout the history of education reform in various countries at home and abroad, school improvement has gradually become a hot spot in the research of educational theory and practice.However, with the deepening of school improvement in various countries, th
6、e perspective of school improvement also has been gradually enriched.The purpose of this paper is to carry out research on school improvement from the perspective of characteristic school construction.Through the analysis and integration of the previous related literature, the author firstly combs t
7、he literature and defines the related concepts on the construction of characteristic schools and the improvement of schools. And the relationship between construction of characteristic school and improvements of school is analyzed from the perspective of school culture, teacher development and stude
8、nt participation.The author finds out the problems and shortcomings in promoting school improvement from the perspective of characteristic school construction, and the optimization countermeasures are put forward in order to provide new perspective and constructive reference for other schools to car
9、ry out school improvement.Case study is adopted in the paper mainly.Through the analysis and integration of data, as well as a minority school X primary school in Inner Mongolia as a case to carry out the study in the form of field investigation.By the comprehensive use of the methods of interview,
10、literature analysis and observation, the process of promoting the school improvement by the construction of the characteristic school in X primary school is expounded and analyzed, and the internal and external operation mechanism of the school improvement are analyzed one after another in the paper
11、. Finally, the optimization countermeasures are put forward in view of the problems encountered in the process of school improvement.This study is mainly carried out from the following five aspects:Chapter 1 is the introduction, including the reason of this study, the significance of the research, t
12、he relevant literature review, theoretical basis and proposed core concepts.Chapter 2 is the design and process of research.The research ideas, purposes and methods, the selection of case schools and the process of data collection and collation are introduced systematically in this chapter.Chapter 3
13、 mainly elaborates the process that the case primary school promotes the school improvement to carry on the characteristic school construction.The methods of interview and observation are used comprehensively to introduce the development of characteristic teachers in primary schools, the development
14、 of school culture and the process of students growth, and the results of these three aspects are summarized. Thus, it is proved that the exploration of the construction of characteristic schools is helpful to promote the improvement of schools.In Chapter 4, the internal and external operation mecha
15、nism of promoting the improvement of schools by the construction of characteristic schools is analyzed systematically.At the same time, it is pointed out that the improved operation mechanism of the school consists of the internal and external operation mechanism.Among them, the internal operation m
16、echanism mainly includes the determination of school common vision ,teachers professional development as well as the students initiative participation;The external operating mechanism of the school mainly describes the service of the education administration, the cooperation between the university and the primary and secondary schools, and the establishment of the partnership with the community.Chapter 5 points out the problems in promoting th
