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1、核准通过，归档资料。 未经允许，请勿外传!嘉兴学院业设计（论文昼、外文翻译题目：君山二期工程施工组织设计一、外文原文:1. Design project managementLI Choosing tlic planning practiceChoosing a suitable planning practice is extremely important. Introducing a pre-qualification process provides essential insights about efficiency, specialist knowledge and qualit
2、y: three to five applicants receive preliminary design documents and the building programme. Then interviews are held, reference evidence examined and the practices visited on the spot. But the key features are planning quality, knowledge of materials, degree of detail, and CAD and office equipment.
3、 The ability to coordinate building and technical planning is particularly relevant1.2 Design and autlx)rization planningCoordination and control of the planning process and content arc particularly important in this planning phase .In no circumstances slx)uld planning in China be left to the design
4、 institute alone Regular planning and coordination meetings examine the planning process in its entirety to ensure tliat guidelines and standards are being met. It is important to coo rd incite routing and to check for collision points.1.3 Working plansRegular coordimtioii control and support are al
5、so required at the final planning stage Coordinating building and technical workers within the planning team is often a weak point as well Importanl details and technical specifications have to be de ma nded It is not usual in China to present details on a scale of 1:20 to 1:5, and these planning fe
6、atures have to be insisted on; a great deal of convincing argument will be needed1.4 Invitation to tender and tender awardsTender docuincnts drawn up to Chinese standards arc less detailed than comparable Western tender documents Considerable importance should be attached to detailed working drawing
7、s Drawings should be ranked before tender documents. It is not permissible to insist on specific product makes Materials must be described neutrally in terms of product. This means that the building firm is able to use inferior materials without the clients agreement This often results in buildings
8、with serious deficiencies in quality and execution. To avoid these negative consequences, architects try to go beyond the standard guidelines to prevent the use of inferior quality materials Also, Chinese planning and industrial standards are antiquated and do not yet meet nationalor international s
9、tandards.ient Negotiation Sign ContractIll 1.6: Flow diagram for tender invitation and awardAs a rule, five to ten firms (general contractors or firms offering individual services) are invited to tender. Often foreign firms with branches in China are invited as well. Bids from such firms come out we
10、ll above those of their Chinese competitors After the bids have been evaluated, negotiations are conducted with lhe most reasonable bidders Awards are decided on the basis of reference projects, quality of execution and evaluations of special proposals. Because the subsoil is so poor, the use of dee
11、p foundations on alluvial land is widespread To gain time, the underground engineering work can be put out to earlier tender and award to specialist building firms,1.5 Building and completion phaseThe legislation requires using local site supervision and a quantity surveyor (see Chapter B 2.2). Site
12、 supervision requirements arc not the same as the standard German site supervision requirements laid down in HO Al, Phase 8. Chinese site supervision practices ofYer the following service pattern under the headings quality monitoringM and safety management:-examining the working plans-quality contro
13、l for building nlaterials quality control for building plant and equipment building site safety checking current building progress examining the qualifications ofthc building site personnel-demanding and examining inventory documentsOnly building sites that also convey an impression of an orderly ap
14、proach can produce quality and work effectively This includes cleanliness and safety. Chinese building sites need pioneering work in this field It does not make any sense to compel the contractor to adopt a particular working programme that runs counter to his own ideas Il is in fact advisable to ma
15、ke concessions in order to make best use of the available production and fitting methods Quality control starts even in the planning phase In the actual building phase, care should be taken to ensure that the required materials are really used, and that product-specific fitting requirements are met.
16、The contractor can make alternative proposals to the tender standards These are examined and approved on the basis of specimens and references It has turned out to be worthwhile to build specimen rooms before the actual building phase starts, to test the guidclincs for details and materials and introduce improvements to materials and details in good time. It is essential to check and approve the quali
