《高二英语 Module21 Lesson 1 虚拟语气用法复习学案 北师大版模块七.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二英语 Module21 Lesson 1 虚拟语气用法复习学案 北师大版模块七.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit 21 Human Biology Lesson 1 Super AthletesGrammar- “虚拟语气”Tips：When youre good to others, you are best to yourself. 善待他人，即是最善待自己。 Learning objective: How to use “虚拟语气Key &Difficult Learning Point: How to use “虚拟语气”correctlyLearning ProceduresStep 1虚拟语气的基本用法虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示非真实的假设，或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人
2、的主观愿望。 一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气 非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设，包括违背现在事实的假设，违背过去事实的假设，以及违背将来的假设。在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。 1违背现在事实的假设：从句谓语动词用一般过去时（were/did），主句谓语动词用would/could /should /might+动词原形If the earth had no gravity，the moon would fly to the sun假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。If were a fish, I could swim in the river freely.假如
3、我是鱼的话，我就可以在河中自由地游泳了。If I were you ，I would reconsider their proposal我要是你，就重新考虑他们的建议。 2违背过去事实的假设：从句谓语动词用过去完成时（had+ been/done），主句谓语动词用would/could /should /might + have+动词过去分词If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train我要是早点动身，就赶上火车了。If I had studied harder, I would have been admitted
4、to a better university. 我要是早点更加努力学习的话，就被一所好大学录取了。If she hadnt taken your advice, she would have made a serious mistake她要不是听了你的劝告，就犯大错误了。 3可能违背将来事实的假设：从句谓语动词用过去式/Were to/should+动词原形，：主句谓语动词用would /could /should/might+动词原形这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。这种假设相当于汉语中常用的万一，居然，竟然等含义。例如： If he sho
5、uld fail, we would encourage him to try again万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一次。 If I were to be given another chance, I would study harder.要是再给我一次机会，我就会更加努力地学习。If I were to do it , I would do it in a different way要是我来做这件事，我会采用另一种做法。 【注意】由某些连词如suppose, supposing（假设）=if也可以引导条件句。Eg: Supposing white were black, you woul
6、d be right. 假如黑白颠倒的话，你就是正确的。由并列连词but, otherwise ,or 连接的并列句，表转折。Eg: I am busy ,otherwise I would go 要是我不忙的话，我就去。4介词短语表示的假设条件 有时不用if引导条件从句，而用介词with (有), without(如果没有) ,but for(若无) ,under(要是在)引出的介词短语，表示违背事实的假设条件，这时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气形式。Eg: Without air，there would be no wind or clouds没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。 We couldn
7、t have finished the work on time without your help.要是没有你的帮助的话，我们就不能按时完成这项工作了。In that case，we could have done the work better如果那样的话，我们本可能把工作做得更好些的。 But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier要是没有碰上暴雨，我们还会早一点到的。 5连接词if的省略 如果条件从句的谓语包含有had，should或were，有时if可以省略。这时had，should或were要移到主语的前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要见
8、于书面形式。 Eg : If I were you, I would go there. = Were I you, I would go there.我要是你的话，就去那里了。If I had come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film. = Had I come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.我要是来早一点的话，就不会错过电影的这个情景。Had he not been ill，he might have come要不是生病，他会来的
9、。 Should it rain tomorrow，what could we do？万一明天下雨，我们能做些什么呢？【注意】在否定句中，否定词应放在主语之后，不可提前，也不可缩写。If he had not seen his brother, he would not have known the news = Had he not seen his brother, he would not have known the news. 他要是没有见到他哥哥的话，就不知道这个消息。二、其他从句的虚拟语气 在表示建议、命令、要求以及重要性和紧迫性等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中
10、，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由动词原形或should动词原形构成。现分述如下： 1主语从句 在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气 It is necessary that （有必要；必须） It is imperative that（必须；是要紧的） It is important that（重要的是；是很重要的） It is essential that（必须；是必要的） It is advisable that（最好；是理想的） It is better that（最好） It is ordered that（根据命令；人们要求） It is proposed that（人们建议） It
11、 is desired that（最好；需要） It is requested that（人们要求） It is suggested that（有人建议） It is recommended that（有人推荐） It is demanded that（根据要求） It is decided（已经决定） It is arranged that（业已安排） 例如： It was arranged that they leave the following week根据安排，他们下星期动身。 It is suggested that the meeting（should）be held at so
12、me other time人们建议换一个时间开会。It is suggested that she should do it again. 他建议她这件事情再做一次。It is necessary that he (should )be here tomorrow. 他有必要明天来这里。Im sorry that she should fail in the exam. 真可怜，她考试竟然不及格。Its strange that she should fail in the exam. 真奇怪，她考试竟然不及格。2宾语从句 在下列动词的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：suggest（建议），i
13、nsist（坚持），recommend（推荐），order（命令），propose（提议），require（要求），request（要求），command（命令），demand（要求）。例如： He commanded that we（should）attack the enemy at once他命令我们立即向敌人进攻。 They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult他们要求给予每个成年人选举权。【注意】当insist表坚持要某人做某事时用虚拟语气，而当表坚持说，坚持认为，表一种客观事实时用陈述语气。 I insist
14、 that a doctor should be sent for immediately. 我坚持立即派人找医生。I insisted that I hadnt broken the glass. 我坚持说我没有打烂玻璃。当suggest表建议用虚拟语气，当表暗示时用陈述语气I suggest that we should set off at once. 我建议我们立即动身。He suggests that she should do it again.他建议她这件事情再做一次。His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他生病了。 w
15、ish，would rather后的虚拟语气 动词wish后的宾语从句，表示未实现的主观愿望。这类宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实相反，宾语从句用一般过去时。Eg: I wish she were with me now. 她现在和我在一起该多好啊！I wish I knew both English and French我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了。 I wish I were as young as you我要是像你一样年轻该多好。I would rather you were here now, 我真希望你现在在这里。如果与过去事实相反，宾语从句用过去完成时。Eg: I wish I had bought that house last year. 我去年要是买了那所房子该多好啊！如果与将来事实相反，宾语从句用would/should/could/might+动词原形Eg: I wish I woul
