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1、中文摘要生态城市建设步伐的加快，使得园林废弃物的产量剧增，禁止使用填埋、焚烧方法对其进行处理已是大势所趋。研究表明，园林废弃物堆肥处理是实现其循环再利用的主要途径。本研究首先开展了 EM 菌与园林废弃物的混合堆肥试验，通过研究堆肥过程中有机碳物质的动态变化，分析各试验因素对园林废弃物堆肥过程、腐熟程度的影响，在获得最佳堆肥参数的同时，也为只使用园林废弃物、不添加其他辅料进行堆肥的可行性提供参考，从而降低混料成本。研究表明，添加复合菌剂，调整合理的 C/N 和翻推次数，可以有效降解木质素、纤维素等较难降解的物质，促进腐殖质的生成，提高腐熟程度，且 4%投菌量、2:1 草木体积比（C/N=30）、
2、1 d 一翻堆的堆肥条件下，园林废弃物的总有机碳、木质素、纤维素的降解率分别为 18.66%、 43.56%、50.96%，腐殖质含量可增加 13.92%。从研发高效微生物菌剂方向着手，本研究以枯草芽孢杆菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉、黄孢原毛平革菌作为试验菌种，与园林废弃物进行混合发酵，通过分析 4 种主要的木质素、纤维素酶活性变化及木质素、纤维素、半纤维素的降解率，研究不同配比下的复合菌对园林废弃物降解的影响。研究表明，当枯草芽孢杆菌、多粘芽孢杆菌和黄孢原毛平革菌在 2:2:1 的配比下进行混合发酵时， 对园林废弃物中纤维素和木质素的降解效果突出，降解率分别可达 37.36%和80.95%。从
3、园林废弃物堆肥产品应用及盐碱土改良的角度，本研究将园林废弃物堆肥产品、膨润土和聚马来酸酐作为土壤改良基质，设计正交试验，研究三种土壤改良基质对盐碱土改良的影响。研究表明，将园林废弃物堆肥产品作为土壤改良基质，可改善土壤结构，增加土壤孔隙度，提高土壤的渗透性，高效保肥， 并在园林废弃物堆肥产品与土壤的体积比 1:3、膨润土加入量为 30 g/kg 的条件下，土壤脱盐率可达到 96.88%，土壤有机质、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量分别增加 100.58%、78.75%、112.17%、7.10%。为了探究园林废弃物堆肥产品作为苗圃基质的可行性及其对植物生长的影响，设计盆栽试验，通过对多指标进行综合
4、评价，结果表明，当分别加入 30 g/kg的钙基膨润土和液态渣、园林废弃物堆肥产品与土壤以 1:3 的体积比混合时， 可有效促进植物的生长。关键词：园林废弃物；堆肥；混合发酵；降解；土壤改良基质；资源化利用ABSTRACTWith the accelerating pace of the ecological city construction, the garden waste output is on the increase. The forbidden of using landfill or incineration method to dispose garden waste is
5、 the general trend of development. The results show that the garden waste composting is the main way to achieve its recycling. Firstly, this study carried out a test on the garden waste composting with Effective Microorganisms. It researched the dynamic change process of organic carbon substances in
6、 composting and analyzed the effects of every factor on the composting process and compost maturity of garden waste. It won the best compost parameters, at the same time, it also provided a reference for the feasibility of composting with using single garden waste without other accessories to reduce
7、 the mixing costs. The results showed that adjustment of the bacterial reagent, C/N ratio and turning frequency benefited the degradation of decomposes such as lignin and cellulose, promoted the acceleration of maturity，and improved the compost quality. Under the composting conditions of 4% addition
8、 of bacterial reagent, 2:1 vegetation volume ratio(C/N=30) and one day turns mow once, the degradation rate of total organic carbon, lignin and cellulose was18.66%, 43.56% and 50.96%, the humus content could be increased by 13.92%.From efficient microbial agents direction, Bacillus Subtilis, Bacillu
9、s Polymyxa, Trichoderrna Viride, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium as the experiment bacterium mixed with garden waste in the mixed fermentation. The activity change of four major enzymes of lignocelluloses and woodiness cellulose degradation rate was analyzed to research their influence of garden waste d
10、egradation. The results showed that when the ratio of Bacillus Subtilis, Bacillus Polymyxa and Phanerochaete Chrysosporium was 2:2:1 in mixed fermentation, the degradation of cellulose and lignin in garden waste was prominent, the degradation rate could reach 37.36% and 80.95%.From the angle of the
11、application of garden waste composting products and the improvement of saline soil, the garden waste composting products, bentonite clay, hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride as the soil improvement matrix, a compost test with an orthogonal experimental design was conducted in order to research the effec
12、ts of the three soil improvement matrixes on coastal reclaimed soil desalting. The results showed that it could improve soil structure, increase soil porosity, improve soil permeability, protect fertilizer efficiently when the garden waste composting products as soil improvement matrix. Under the co
13、ndition of the garden waste composting products and soil volume ratio to 1:3, bentonite addition amount to 30 g/kg, the soildesalting rate could reach 96.88%, and soil organic matter, available nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium increased 100.58%, 78.75%, 112.17%,7.10% respectively.
14、In order to explore the feasibility of garden waste composting products as nursery matrix and its influence on the plant growth, a pot experiment was designed. Through the comprehensive evaluation indexes, the results showed that it could effectively promote the growth of plants when added 30 g/kg c
15、alcium-based bentonite and liquid slag, and garden waste composting products mixed with soil by 1:3 volume ration.Key words: garden waste; composting; mixed fermentation; degradation; soil improvement matrix; resource utilization目录第一章绪论11.1 研究目的及意义11.2 国内外园林废弃物堆肥化再利用现状21.2.1 国外利用现状21.2.2 国内利用现状31.3
16、园林废弃物堆肥处理概述51.3.1 堆肥原理51.3.2 园林废弃物堆肥的影响因素61.3.3 堆肥腐熟度评价指标91.4 园林废弃物堆肥的研究进展及存在问题91.5 研究内容与技术路线131.5.1 研究内容131.5.2 技术路线13第二章 EM 菌与园林废弃物的混合堆肥试验152.1 试验材料152.2 试验设计152.3 测定方法与数据处理162.4 结果与分析162.4.1 堆肥参数对堆体温度的影响162.4.2 堆肥参数对堆体总有机碳降解率的影响172.4.3 堆肥参数对堆体木质素、纤维素、半纤维素降解率的影响192.4.4 堆肥参数对堆体腐殖化指标的影响202.5小结24第三章自制复合菌与园林废弃物的混合堆肥试验263.1 不同菌种混合发酵对园林废弃物降解的影响273.1.1 试验材料273.1.2 试验设计273
