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1、从句 从句与主句,在一个句子A中的各个成分中,其中有一个或几个成分是句子B充当,那么句子A是主句,句子B是从句. 主语从句:一个句子B做主语 表语从句:一个句子B做表语 宾语从句:一个句子B做宾语 同位语从句:一个句子B做同位语 定语从句:一个句子B做定语 状语从句:一个句子B做状语,主语从句,连接主语从句的连词 纯连词：that whether 连接副词：when, how, where, why 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which,That Tom got an A for his maths is a surprise.,主语,系,表语,th
2、at在主语从句中没有意义，起连接作用，提示后面是个从句,It is a surprise that Tom got an A for his maths.,It 做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句,注：主语从句中That不可省略,Whether he agrees or not is nothing to me.,主语,主语从句中， Whether 既起连接作用又有意义(是否），不能省略 注：不能用if代替,When we set out has not been decided yet.,How he succeeded remains a secret.,Where Mary ch
3、ooses to stay is up to her.,Who is the new teacher matters a lot.,表语从句,连接表语从句的连词 纯连词：that，whether 连接副词：when, where, how, why 连接代词：what,My idea is that we meet at the bus stop.,主语,系,表语,His doubt is whether you really mean it.,This is where we hold the party.,宾语从句,连接宾语从句的连词 纯连词：that，whether，if 连接副词：wh
4、en, where, how, why 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which,I know （that） you are a grown-up now.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语从句中that可省,They doubt if/whether you can finish it within a month.,I wonder who she dislikes.,注：当宾语从句的连接代词who在从句中充当宾语时，可以改成宾格形式或whom，也可用主格形式,I wonder whom she dislikes.,同位语从句,连接同位语从句的连词：that, why,说
5、明前一个名词具体内容的从句,通常位于被说明的名词后面, 在意思上它与被说明的名词相等.,The fact that everyone loves beauty is common sense.,The fact=that everyone loves beauty.,被同位语从句说明的名词只是表达“语言，思想，事实”等一类的少数抽象名词，常见有：idea, thought, question, fact, belief, answer, reply, rumor, news, order, hope, promise, suggestion, doubt, saying,定语从句,连接定语从句
6、的关系词 关系代词：that which who whom whose 关系副词：when where why,1先行词：被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词或数词,Lets watch the movie that I bought yesterday.,先行词,定语从句,修饰,关系代词,注意：大多数情况下先行词紧贴在定语从句前边，但有些时候先行词与定语从句之间被一些词语隔开，需要根据逻辑意思来判断哪个是被修饰的先行词,Shes got a map of the world which is 2 meters long.,关系代词的用法：,that: 人，物 主语，表语，宾语 Which： 物
7、主语，表语，宾语 Who： 人（主格） 主语 Whom： 人（宾格） 动词或介词宾语 Whose： 人，物（所有格） 定语,关系代词 指代 在从句中,This is the film that Id like to see. Guilin is the city which has a history of 2,000 years. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. Mrs. Smith whom you meet yesterday is a friend of mine. This is the scie
8、ntist whose name is known all over the country.,定语从句的解答: 1.找先行词.2看先行词在从句中做什么成分,非限定性和限定性定语从句的差别： 限定性：从句删掉后表意不完整 不能用逗号分开 只能修饰先行词，不能修饰主句或主句的一部分 Now we have 10 classes which learn English. 现在我们有个学英语的班（不止个班） 非限定性：从句删掉后表意完整 通常用逗号分开 能修饰先行词，也能修饰主句或主句的一部分 Now we have 10 classes, which we learn English. 现在我们有
9、个班，他们都在学英语（只有个班）,that ,which 的区别： which 可引导非限定性定语从句，that 不能 which 之前可以有介词， that 之前不能有介词 that 和 which 都指物时，在种情况下，只用 that，不用which ）当先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, little, few等不定代词 ）当先行词是被序数词修饰时 ）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ）当先行词被the very, the only 修饰时,关系副词： when：当先行词在从句中作时间状语时 where：当先行词
10、在从句中作地点状语时 why：当先行词在从句中作原因状语时,From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.,This is the place which/that my mother was born at. This is the place where my mother was born.,I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.,as 引导的定语从句 惯用型： such.as the sameas as
11、 引导的定语从句和非限制性定语从句一样，修饰整个句子或者主句的一部分，可以放句首也可以放句尾 As you can see, we are all students.,状语从句,状语从句的连词：,时间：when, before, till/until, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 地点: where, wherever 原因: because, since, now that, for, as 结果: that(无意义）， suchthat 目的: so that, sothat, in order that 条件: if, only if(只有）, if only（只要），as long as （只要）,unless, on condition that(条件是） 让步:although, even if, however, whatever, whoever, whichever 比较:than, asas,
