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1、The Glass Menagerie,Memory, Dream and Family Relations General Introduction Agricultural and Aristocratic Old South vs. Industrial Society Womens Position in a Modern City,The Glass Menagerie: Background and Setting,Setting: Present: a cramped apartment in a lower-class part of St. Louis in the year
2、 1937, the time of Depression. Amandas Past: The Old South Plantation (where belles are courted by beaux and served by “darkies”),General Questions,“Nobody, not even the rain, has such small hands.” e. e. cummings Whose small hands? Of women? Of fate? Womens Positions: The long traditions Courting t
3、he ladies “Angel in the House” vs. Men on the road Are no longer prevalent today. How are we to understand and sympathize with women who are constrained in such traditions? To what extent is our dream a motivating force, but not a means of self-deception or constraint on the others?,Scenes 1-2: The
4、Winfield Family,Dream and Frustration in St. Louis,Characters: Contrast between Amanda and Laura, Jim and the Rest,The List of Characters = the playwrights interpretation of the characters. Are there any common points among (some of) them? How are Amanda and Laura set in contrast with each other?,Am
5、anda Lives “Actively” in the Past,Description of Amanda filled with paradoxes (e.g. not paranoiac, but in paranoia) Her Manners 2) her insistence that there must be a flood of gentlemen callers to visit her daughter,Laura Delicate and fragile (e.g Scene 2. Does not share the mothers dream of having
6、“gentlemen callers” (Not expecting gentlemen callers.) Both Live in their “glass menageries.” sympathetic to both her mother and her brother. (pp. 1443, 44, cried for her brother.),Lauras “first fiasco”,What do you think about Lauras responses? And the mothers response? Would you chicken out like La
7、ura? (p. 1446) Would you escape to the zoo, the movies, jewel-box with tropical flowers, roaming around all day? (1446-1447) Do you agree that, without a business career, women can only be dependent, as a spinster or as a wife? (1447) And that a spinster has to “eat the crust of humility all their l
8、ife”?,Amanda vs. Husband and Tom,Contradictory: Her views that the husband has charms and that her daughter should get married Offensive: Her criticism of Tom and insistence on Southern aristocratic manners,Father: He is gallantly smiling, ineluctably smiling, as if to say I will be smiling forever.
9、 (1441) Falls in loe with long distances; skip the light fantastic dance out of town (ref) Tom: A self-conscious artist dressed as “a merchant sailor” Both fall in love with distance. Cannot stand his mother, but tolerates her. (1443),Symbolic Setting,Setting suggests the difficulties of the general
10、 situation. A “this largest and fundamentally enslaved section of American society to avoid fluidity and differentiation and to exist and function as one interfused mass of automatism.” (1440) an impoverished and stagnant area in an industrialized modern city. Tom “In Spain there was Guernica Nazi G
11、erman bombing. Here there were disturbances of labour, sometimes pretty violent, in otherwise peaceful cities such as Chicago, Cleveland, Saint Louis. . . “(1441) the fire-escape e.g. where he directs the music and lighting p. 1443: “Tom motions for music and a spot of light on AMANDA. Her eyes lift
12、, her face glows, her voice becomes rich and elegiac,” on p. 1448, “Tom motions to the fiddle in the wings.” Screen device: stage directions giving “images” and “legends” e.g. O sont les Neiges dantan (scene i) Blue Roses (胸膜炎 scene ii-1447), and “Image: Screen (1448).,Notes:,“Ou sont les neiges . .
13、 .” is the title of a poem in praise of beautiful women by the fifteenth-century French poet Franois Villon (the poem),Williams own explanation is that The legend or image upon the screen will strengthen the effect of what is merely allusion sic in the writing and allow the primary point to be made more simply and lightly than if the entire responsibility were on the spoken lines (New Directions edition, 1949, p. x). Do you agree? Later in the Acting version he dropped this device, depending more on the actors performances and the audiences imagination. Which choice do you like better?,
