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1、Unit 18 New Zealand考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语fisherman; great-grandfather; northeastern; central; coast; surround; mild; bay; harbor; volcano; spring; heat; surface; rat; settle; settler; mainly; voyage; possession; bold; paragraph; grassland; mountainous; surprising; secretary; percent; wedding; confe
2、rence; relation; agricultural; cattle; export; lamb; ship; sail; cottage; seaside; camp；be made up of; lead to; so far; in relation to; sign an agreement with; refer to; be on the rise; apply for; come true; hand over; deal with; burst out; come up; get tired of; fall asleep; wake up; try ones luck句
3、型Weihai lies about 90 kilometers east of Yantai. 英语中描述方位和方向的表达方式The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air. 部分与整体型的定语从句，即：部分+ of +which/whoNew Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Isled, while the h
4、illy South Island has more sheep farms. with + 名词 +宾补语法：it 的用法 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握central; surround; mild; harbor; spring; surface; settle; mainly; voyage; possession; surprising; secretary; percent; relation; cattle; export; cottage; camp; be made up of; lead to; so far; in relation to; sign an agreeme
5、nt with; refer to; be on the rise; apply for; come true; hand over; deal with; burst out; come up; get tired of; fall asleep; wake up; try ones luck 等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握英语中描述方位和方向的表达方式；部分与整体型的定语从句的用法；it 的用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. Weihai lies about 90 kilometers east of Yantai.英语中描述方位和方向的表达方式有：(1 ) It is / lies i
6、n the方位词of.位于的北部南部东部西部(表在某范围内)Zhejiang Province is in the east of China.浙江省在中国的东部（浙江在中国范围之内）(2) It is / lies to the方位词of.位于的北面南面东面西面(表在某范围之外) The city lies about 66 kilometres to the east of Yantai.这座城市位于烟台以东66公里。(3) It is / lies on the方位词of. 位于的北面南面东面西面(表接壤)China is on the north of India. 中国在印度的北部（
7、中国与印度接壤）。 (4) It is / lies+具体距离+to the+方位词+of. The mountain lies 10 kilometers to the south of the city of Chengdu. 这座山位于成都南部10公里处。 注意：表示方位的介词短语位于句首时要采用完全倒装结构。 10 kilometers to the south of the city of Chengdu lies the mountain.这座山位于成都南部10公里处。2. New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coa
8、st if Australia. off 的用法：离附近不远处They live on the island off the coast of Fujian.他们住福建沿海的一个岛屿上。They were sailing two miles off shore.他们在离岸两英里的海上航行。The restaurant is just off the main road.这家饭店就在主干道旁边。The ship sank off Cape Horn.轮船在合恩角外沉了。3. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue.surr
9、ound 的用法;派生词:(1)surrounding adj. 周围的 The dance excited the surrounding bees. 这种舞蹈激起了周围的蜜蜂，(2) surroundings n 环境 The factories affected the surroundings. 工厂影响了周围的环境。The surroundings a child grows up in may have an effect on his development. 小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。相关归纳:be surrounded by / with 被围住 The village
10、is surrounded on all sides by hill. 这个村子四面环山。 She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends. 她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。4. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air.some of which throw hot water high into the air.是定语从句。some为部分of 后的which是整体，s
11、ome 与of which可以交换位置。我们可以把这类定语从句归纳为部分与整体型的定语从句，即：部分+ of +which/who(先行词为人时关系代词用whom; 先行词为物时关系代词用which;)There are 50 numbers in the club, most of whom are from the city.=There are 50 numbers in the club, of whom most are from the city.这个俱乐部里有50个成员，其中大多数来自城市。I have 100 books, 30 of which are on English.
12、= I have 100 books, of which 30 are on English.我有100本书，百分之30 是关于英语方面的书。5. They settled mainly on the North Island where the weather was warmer.settle 的用法:派生词:(1) settled adj. 固定的，不变的，永久的(2) settlement n. 殖民，移民；定居点；和解，解决，决定(3) settler n. 定居者知识梳理:(1)解决 Lets get down to settling the problem.让我们开始认真处理问题
13、吧(2)决定 He settled to sell his car. 他决定卖掉他的汽车。(3)落下来；沉下来；停下来 A bird settled on the branch.一只小鸟停留在树枝上。 Dust has settled on the furniture. 灰尘布满了家具。(4)使定居；使居住 He settled his family in the country.他在乡下安了家。相关归纳:settle down (使)安定下来；定居；安下心来 The teacher tried to settle down the students.老师试图让学生安静下来。 He want
14、to get married and settle down 他想结婚并且定居下来。 With the noise outside so aloud , I cant settle down to my work.由于外面噪音极其大，我不能静下心来去做作业。almost, nearly, mainly=mostly (1) almost的语气更强almost=very nearly I almost envy the little boy who got the geography book after five failures. 在失败了五次之后那个小男孩得到了那本地理书，我几乎有点嫉妒他
15、了。 (2) almost 后可跟代词尤其是具有否定意义的代词，而nearly不能。 Almost none got to school on time yesterday.昨天由于大雾几乎没有人准时到校。 (3) 在more than, any, too之前通常用almost，而不用nearly。 Almost more than ten students failed in the exam. 不及格的学生几乎不止十个。(4)nearly 可以和数词连用而almost不可以12 ten students failed in the exam几乎12个学生不及格。 (5) nearly之前可用very, not修饰，而almost则不能。not nearly 远非，远远不 100 dollars is not nearly enough for the trip to Beijing.100美元对我们这次去北京的旅游远远不够。 (6)mostly=mainly强调整体中的组成部分 He looked around but mostly looked forward
