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1、Giving an effective presentation: Using Powerpoint and structuring a scientific talk,Susan McConnell Department of Biological Sciences Stanford University,We may not be experts at public speaking, but we are all experts at listening to talks,What do you want from a talk?,Here are some of the things
2、many listeners want from a talk:,This presentation focuses solely on ways of using Powerpoint and organizing a talk to achieve:,What do you think of the following slide?,Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in MDCK cells: RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in MDCK cells 24 hours after trans
3、fection with P-SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1 plasmid; knockdown confirmed on the right with antibodies to EMK1. Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on collagen I before being overlaid with additional collagen on the apical surface, analyzed 24 h later. Note the lack of lumen in EMK1-KO c
4、ultures. Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated in low Ca medium 24 h upon transfection with pSUPER or pSUPER-KO. After 12 h, cultures were switched to normal medium for 24 h. Transmission EM of cells sectioned perpendicular to the substratum shows lack of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.,Is th
5、is better?,Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in MDCK cells,Not much.,Powerpoint basics:,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Use a Sans Serif font:,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Use a Sans Serif font: This font is Arial. This font is Comic Sans
6、. This font is Trebuchet.,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Use a Sans Serif font: This font is Arial. This font is Comic Sans. This font is Trebuchet.,Serif fonts take longer to read,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Use a Sans Serif font: This font is Arial. This font is Comic Sans. This
7、 font is Trebuchet.,Serif fonts take longer to read This font is Times New Roman. This font is Courier. This font is Didot.,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Some fonts look super in boldface:,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Some fonts look super in boldface: Arial vs. Arial bold Comic S
8、ans vs. Comic Sans bold Trebuchet vs. Trebuchet bold,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,Type size should be 18 points or larger: 18 point 20 point 24 point 28 point 36 point,* References can be in 14 point font,Powerpoint basics: 1. What font to use,AVOID USING ALL CAPITAL LETTERS BECAUSE ITS RE
9、ALLY HARD TO READ!,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Dark letters against a light background work.,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Light letters against a dark background also work.,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Many experts feel that a dark blue or black background works best for ta
10、lks in a large room.,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Dark letters against a light background are best for smaller rooms and for teaching.,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Avoid red-green combinations because a large fraction of the human population is red-green colorblind.,Lots of people cant read this and e
11、ven if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,Other color combinations can be equally bad.,Powerpoint basics: 2. Color,View your slides in grayscale to ensure that there is adequate color contrast in each slide.,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,Ever
12、y slide should have a heading. Sentences are preferred if its possible to make a statement.,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,Limit text blocks to no more than two lines each.,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,The reason for limiting text blocks to two lines is that when the text block goes on and on forever,
13、 people in the audience are going to have to make a huge effort to read the text, which will preclude them from paying attention to what you are saying. Every time you lose their focus, your presentation suffers!,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,Lists should contain no more than 3 items:, Item 1 Item 2
14、Item 3,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,It is often effective to “unveil” your list one by one:, Item 1 Item 2 Item 3,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,Avoid sublists! Item 1 Item 1a Item 1b Item 1c Item 2 - Item 2a - Item 2b Item 3,Powerpoint basics: 3. Layout,Be generous with empty space.,Powerpoint basics
15、: 3. Layout,If you try to cram too much into a slide, and place things too close to the sides, they can get cut off if youre using a poor projector. In any case, the slide looks all cluttered and junky.,Powerpoint basics: 4. Style,Powerpoint basics: 4. Style,Try your best to include a simple image o
16、n every slide.,Powerpoint basics: 4. Style,Limit the number of items on each slide. Each slide should make just one or two points!,Powerpoint basics: 4. Style,This is just too much. Arrrgh!,Powerpoint basics: 4. Style,Here is a simple rule for showing figures and images:,If youre not going to take the time to explain it, get rid of it.,Powerpoint basics: 4. Style,Avoid fancy transitions between slides unless you
