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1、College English Grammar -Instruction air; sun; computer 地点： London; theater; classroom 抽象事物： love; happiness; imagination,Contents,Classification of Noun (名词分类：按结构分),名词分类,简单名词,复合名词,派生名词,Contents,简单名词(Simple Noun) man; egg; table; wood; water; snow; etc. 复合名词: ( Compound Noun) classroom; football; mo
2、therland; bookworm 派生名词： (Derivative Noun) disagreement; teacher; expectation; etc.,可数名词系统(规则名词),可数名词,一般加-s,以s,x,sh, ch.结尾， 加-es,以辅音 字母+y, y变i,加 es,以f; fe结尾， 把f, fe,变v, 再加es,以辅音 字母+o结尾， 一般加es,规则可数名词 系统,1. 可数名词 （Countable Noun） 规则名词复数形式的构成规则 大多数名词变复数时直接加-s, desk desks; cat cats; house houses (2) 以s,
3、x, ch, sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es. bus buses； box boxes (3) 以o结尾的名词大多加-s, 如kilo kilos; piano pianos; radio radios等。但 hero heroes; potato potatoes等一般加-es,(4) 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-es, 如family families; lady ladies. (5) 以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v再加-es,如leaf leaves; wife wives; knife knives.但chief chiefs; roof roofs等只加-s (
4、6) 专有名词变为复数时一般只加-s，如Henry Henrys; Kennedy Kennedys,不规则可数名词 系统(1),不规则 可数名词,字母，数字用作 单词时，一般加 s,年代和 缩写时 ， 加-s,不规则可数名词 体系（1）,(1) 字母、数字被用作单词时常加s构成复数，如: Your 3s look like 8s. Mind your ps and qs. (2) 年代和缩写词的复数通常加-s构成，有时也可加s构成，如: 1990 1990s/1990s VIP VIPs/ VIPs,不规则名词复数 （2）,不规则名词 复数系统（2）,改变名词 元音、辅音,单、复数 同形,外
5、来词 保持原有 形式,复数形式 有两种，但意 义不同,不规则名词复数（2）,2)不规则名词复数构成规则 有些名词以改变元音、辅音的方法变为复数，如：foot feet; goose geese man men; child children; ox oxen (2) 有些名词单复数同形。如： deer deer; sheep sheep; means means; works works,(3)有些外来词保留原有的复数形式，如： analysis analyses; datum data; bacterium bacteria; crisis crises (4) 少数外来词有两种复数形式，不
6、规则变化的为科学术语，而加-s多用于一般场合如：antenna(触角、天线) antennae/antennas apparatus(机构、器官)apparatus /apparatuses,Contents,(5) 少数外来词的英语复数形式同原有的 复数形式意义不同，如： index indices(指数) indexes(索引) genius genii (妖怪) geniuses(天才) appendix appendices(附录) appendixes(盲肠),5. 复合名词 ：复数系统,复合名词 复数体系,将主要 名词变为 复数,由man和 woman 所构成的 复数，它所修 饰的
7、词，也变 复数,没有名词 的复数 ， 通常把-s 加在最后 的单词上,复合名词的复数,1). 将主要名词变为复数，如： editor-in-chief editors-in-chief looker-on lookers-on 2). 由man; woman加名词构成的复数名词，需将man; woman及其所修饰的名词同时变为复数，如: man-doctor men-doctors woman-teacher women-teachers 3).没有名词的复数名词，通常把-s加在最 后一个词上，如: grown-up grown-ups; break-down break-downs,名词的格
8、系统,名词的格 系统,通格,属格,英语的格功能： 通格功能：当名词在句中充当主语、宾语、补语时，名词词形无变化，此时称为通格。 属格功能：当名词在句中表示所有或其他某些关系时，称属格，可分s属格和of属格。,S属格系统,S属格 系统,S属格的 使用场合,s属格的 意义,-S属格使用场合 ： 1. 用于人名、有生命的、或视为有生命的东西的名词： （the students books; the dogs tail; Marys father, etc. ） 2. 用于表示地理、国家、城市、天体、文化艺术活动、时间、度量、价值等名(Chinas reform; Beijings weather;
9、the suns light, a weeks holidays, etc. ),-S属格的意义 ： 1. 表示所有关系 （Mr. Smiths passport has been checked up. ） 2. 表示逻辑上主谓关系（The visitors arrival was reported in todays papers. ） 3. 表示逻辑上动宾关系 （The enemys defeat brought the war to an end.） 4. 表示同位关系（Tom bought the book at Browns, the booksellers.,Contents,5
10、. 表示与人类活动有联系的其他关系（the girls story the story of the girl）,名词的性系统,名词的性 系统,阳性 man; brother,阴性 woman; girl,中性book; sky,通性child; worker,名词的功能系统,名词的功 能体系,主语,宾语,主语 补语,宾语 补语,定语,同位语,状语,独立 成分,1.主语： My family is now in the country. Tom lives on 72nd Street. 2. 宾语： We love our socialist motherland. I believe yo
11、u are here to see my daughter. 3. 主语补足语： He is considered a good teacher. She was taken for a fool.,4. 宾语补足语： They called him a hero. They named their son John. 5. 定语： The air conditioning works well. This is a stone bridge. 6. 同位语： Smith, our English teacher, is coming now. Monroe, a famous movie s
12、tar, took suicide.,7. 状语： The house cost him 300,000 dollars. After that, Marry visited the boy every day. 8. 独立成分： Hurry up, Mary! Go with my blessing, my friend!,语法专练 名词,1Whats the matter? I have a _. I have to go to the doctor. Ahead B. tooth C. cold D. nose 2 . What _ do you like better? Basketb
13、all. Afood B. subject C. sport D. music,C,C,3. Recently, many people dare not eat _ because of H7N9 (禽流感) Aeggs or chickens B. eggs or chicken C. egg or chickens D. egg or chicken 4. Uncle Wang bought two _ for me yesterday. A. bread B. milk C. dictionary D. watches,B,D,5. Hello! Is that Jenny speak
14、ing? Sorry, Im afraid youve got the wrong_ A. number B. name C. address D. message 6.Do you think the _of this skirt suits me Of course! You always look beautiful in red. Asize B. design C. price D. color,A,D,7. Youd better read the_ first before you use the camera Awebsites B. expressions Cinstruct
15、ions D. advertisements 8. The students didnt find much _ about the topic on that website. Areport B. article C. information D. story,C,C,9. I have great _ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me? No problem. Afun B. success C. advice D. difficulty 10. What would you like to drink, girls? _ please. A. Two glass of water B. Two glass of waters C. Two cups of tea D. Two cups of teas,D,C,11. Kate is _girl. Shes very happy at school. A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old C. an eighteen-years-old D.a eighteen-years-o
