《《非谓语动词》讲解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《非谓语动词》讲解（42页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词,1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。,2形式,不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。 动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语.,3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。 逻辑主语能发出该动作 （发） 逻辑主语不能发出该动作 （收） 不发不收用结构： 动词不定式：用独立结构。 动名词：用复合结构。 分词：用独立主格结构,3)A: 如果要说明不定式
2、表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc. Its kind of
3、 you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong of him to speak bad behind others. Its wrong for the south to break away from the Union.,2不定式作表语 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHua University. 3. She seemed _( think ) about th
4、e problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said. 不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。,3不定式作宾语： 有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有： want, demand, hope, wish, expect; like, hate; start, begin; fail, help, offer, try, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, int
5、end, etc.,如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词it作form object，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 think, find, feel, consider, make He found it important to study Russian. The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.,不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带to 或不带to. He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. We have no
6、 choice but to wait outside. They could do nothing but ask for help.,4.不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives. He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning. Do you have anything that you want to say? Here are some books that you can read. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom
7、. He is always the last _ (come) to office Please give me a knife _ (cut) with. 作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,5.不定式作状语。 状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果 要用不定式。 目的状语还可用 in order to 或so as to来表示. 结果状语还可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等结构来表示,不定式在作表语/ 补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。 This q
8、uestion is difficult _ (answer). Do you think him easy_ (work) with? We find this rule hard _ (remember).,不定式中作结果状语的注意点： 1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 2）在not, never, only, all, but等后的”tooto”结构中，”too”
9、的含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。 Im only too glad to stay at home. Its never too old to learn.,不定式的时态与语态： 1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。 I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 Im very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 Im sorry to have
10、 kept you waiting. The article is said to have been read by many people.,不定式作独立成分。 To tell (you) the truth, he doesnt agree with you. To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful city.,不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。 He didnt know what to say. How to solve the prob
11、lem is important. My question is when to start.,不定式与动名词的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much fat.,2动名词作表语 . 动名词作表语与主语是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingH
12、ua University. 3. One of my bad habits is _(bite ) nails（指甲）,3动名词作宾语 mecafps+doing (mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承认)，advise, appreciate=enjoy, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, be used to, look forward to
13、, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介词后接动名词doing,动名词与不定式的不同含义： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现,2) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未 做） forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已 做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in
14、the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.,3)remember to do sth.记着去做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做） Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.,4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 5) regret to do sth. 遗憾地说/告诉 regret doing sth. 后悔做了 I regret _( g
15、o ) to his home town. I regret _( tell ) you the truth.,6)try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _( do ) it again. Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.,7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week, Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me. 8) go on to do sth. go on doing sth.,9) cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做 10. permit / allow / advise + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. 11. start / begin / continue / like / love / hate + to do sth. + doing sth.,12. S. + want to do sth. S. + want sb.
