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1、中卫一中 周润玲,None clauses,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ kee
2、p taste / smell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,简单句基本句型实例,主语 不及物动词,She came./ My head aches.,主语及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 表语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book She bought me a book.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,Th
3、ere +be,There is a book on the desk.,She makes her mother angry.,简单句的基本词序,主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） 方式 地点 时间,I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly.,1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power . 3.We Chinese are peace-loving,subject,object,p
4、redicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,Related Conception (相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like
5、 what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Cla
6、use),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),1.名词性从句中的连接词（引导词）有: 连词: that / whether /if (不充当任何成分，只起 到连接句子的作用); 连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。,（是否）,引导词,句型转换 1.They are good doctors. He told us. ,He told us that
7、 they were good doctors.,总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。,2.Does your sister get up early? Do you know? 3.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. ,Do you know if/ whether your sister gets up early?,I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.,总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名
8、词性从句用if或whether引导。,4.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 5.My question is this: where will the lecture be given? ,Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?,My question is where the lecture will be given.,总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。,总结：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,即 “主语在前
9、，谓语在后”的顺序。另外,一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。由what引导的主语从句一般看后面的表语。,1.I dont know who all these people are. 2.Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? 3.What we need is more time. 4.What we need are more English dictionaries.,Practice time.单句改错,1.When the meeting will be held haven
10、t been known yet. 2.I didnt know that you will come. 3.He said that he is writing a story. 4.Could you tell me when will he arrive? 5.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,_ hasnt,_ would,_ was,_ he will,_ English has,2. What 和that 在引导名词性从句时的区别：,缺,不缺,什么； 所的东西,无意义,否,宾语从句中能省略,
11、I think _it is unnecessary for me to speak louder. His mother is satisfied with _ he has done. _ he was able to come made us happy. _ he gave me is a book. This is _ makes us interested . The reason was _ Tod had never seen the million pound note before.,that,what,That,What,what,that,Object Clauses
12、宾语从句,在句中充当及物动词, 介词或某些形容词 宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,找出下列句中的宾语从句,1.I want to know whether/if she still lives there.,2.I dont know who all these people are.,3.She wants to know which film I like best.,4.Please tell me where she lives.,whether/if she still lives there,who all these people are.,which film I like best
13、.,where she lives.,5.I am certain that he is at home now.,8.I am afraid he wont come on time.,6.He asked whose car it was.,7.I am not interested in what he is doing.,that he is at home now.,whose car it was.,what he is doing.,he wont come on time.,2. 时态的变化 (1).当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的
14、任何一种时态。,I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .,(2).当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。,He said ( that ) he would go to Xian .,He said ( that ) he
15、 was ill yesterday .,He said ( that ) he was reading a book .,He said ( that ) he had had supper.,A: He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .,B: The teacher told the students that no news is good news .,C: The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .,(3).当宾语从句
16、说明的是客观存在的事实或者 是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时 态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English
