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1、郑州大学毕业设计（论文） 题 目： 热核聚变堆热锚TIG钎焊工艺研究 Study on the TIG brazing process of thermonuclear fusion reactor thermal anchor 指导教师： 职称： 学生姓名： 学号： 专 业： 材料成型及控制工程 院 （系）： 材料科学与工程学院 2012年5月30日 摘 要ITER国际热核聚变实验堆，被誉为地球上的人造太阳。在整个聚变堆装置中，磁支撑系统的热锚冷却管起着维持系统间温度平衡的作用，为保持热锚冷却管的低变形率和低泄漏率 ，电弧钎焊连接方法是一种较为理想的连接方法。与传统熔化焊相比，电弧钎焊近年来
2、作为高效节能的钎焊技术，具有热输入低、对木材组织性能影响小、节能环保、焊接效率高、易实现机械化和自动化，并且能克服ITER热锚熔化焊时产生热裂纹、氮气孔、母材性能降低等，同时还能避免热锚冷却管焊穿破坏以及冷却管和韧性板变形严重等问题。为保证ITER热锚焊接质量，本文采用TIG电弧钎焊工艺连接热锚，通过接头宏观形貌观察、金相微观组织观察、及显微硬度测试，研究了焊接角度、位置和钎剂使用对ITER热锚接头质量的影响，分析了接头的组织与性能进行了分析。研究结果表明，TIG电弧钎焊，焊接角度、位置以及钎剂使用对ITER热锚接头质量影响显著。不使用钎剂，改变焊接角度和位置，接头存在较宽界面区，接头为熔焊特
3、征；选择合适焊接角度和位置，并辅助使用钎剂，可以获得局部溶蚀，局部为钎焊界面的熔钎焊接头，具有熔焊和钎焊双重特征，接头质量较好。接头界面区是铜基钎料与不锈钢基材组元发生突变的区域，钎料组元向界面区扩散，界面区组织为Fe基体和颗粒状Cu基固溶体；不锈钢基材熔蚀及组元向焊缝扩散，焊缝组织由-Cu基体和颗粒状Fe基固溶体组成，固溶体的存在强化了界面区和焊缝性能。焊缝与基材间界面区显微硬度发生突变，热锚熔钎焊接头熔焊特征处，界面区宽大，显微硬度值变化平缓，界面区、基材以及焊缝的平均显微硬度分别为412HV20、209HV20和147.2HV20；接头钎焊特征处，界面区较窄，显微硬度在较小范围内发生突变
4、，界面区、基材以及焊缝平均显微硬度分别为487.5HV20、183.5HV20和138.9HV20，较窄界面区处固溶了更多钎料组元，显微硬度值更大。关键词：ITER；热锚冷却管；电弧钎焊；焊接工艺AbstractITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, known as the artificial sun on Earth. In the fusion reactor device, the cooling tube of the magnetic support thermal anchor plays to mainta
5、in the system temperature balance between the role of arc brazing is an ideal in order to maintain the low deformation rates and low leakage rate of the cooling pipe of the hot anchor connection method. Compared with traditional fusion welding, arc brazing brazing technology in recent years as energ
6、y efficient, with low heat input, the impact on the Timber Organization performance, energy saving, high welding efficiency, easy mechanization and automation, and can overcome the ITER heat anchor fusion welding, hot cracking, nitrogen hole, the base metal performance, while avoiding thermal anchor
7、 cooling pipe welding wear destruction and the cooling pipe and toughness board deformed.In order to ensure the welding quality of ITER thermal anchor, using the TIG arc brazing process to connect the thermal anchor, through the joint macro-morphology, microstructure, microstructure observations, an
8、d microhardness testing, welding angle, position and flux on the ITER thermal anchor joint quality impact analysis of the organization and performance of the joints were analyzed.The results show that, of TIG arc brazing, welding angle, position, and flux of ITER thermal anchor connector significant
9、ly impacting on quality. Flux to change the welding angle and position, the joint existence of a broad interface area, the joint welding characteristics; select the appropriate welding angle and position, and supporting the use of flux, you can get local dissolution, local interface of melting solde
10、r for brazing welding head, with the dual characteristics of the welding and brazing joints of good quality. Connector interface area is a copper-based brazing stainless steel substrate element mutation in the region, brazing group diffusion to the interfacial region, the interface zone of the Fe ma
11、trix, and granular Cu-based solid solution; stainless steel substrate corroded elements to diffusion weld, the weld metal by the -Cu matrix and granular Fe-based solid solution, the existence of solid solution strengthening of the interface zone and weld properties.Weld with a mutation in the interf
12、ace region between the substrate microhardness, thermal anchor molten braze welding head and welding characteristics at the interface region spacious microhardness changes smoothly between the interfacial region, the substrate and welds average microhardness for 412HV20 209HV20 and 147.2HV20; joints
13、 brazing characteristics at the interface region is narrow, microhardness mutation to a lesser extent, the interfacial region, base material and weld average microhardness 487.5HV20 183.5HV20 and 138.9HV20, Office of the District of narrow interface solution more filler metal element micro hardness.
14、Keyword: International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor; Thermal anchor cooling pipe ; Arc Brazing ; Welding process 目录摘 要iAbstractii目录I1概述11.1 引言11.2 研究背景11.3 钎焊简介31.3.1焊接材料31.3.2 接头形式41.3.3 加热方式41.3.4 应用特点41.3.5 润湿与铺展51.3.6 毛细流动51.3.7 相互作用51.3.8 焊后清洗61.4电弧钎焊技术61.4.1 电弧钎焊技术与传统熔焊技术对比61.4.2 电弧钎焊技术分
15、类61.4.3 电弧钎焊技术特点71.5 316LN核电用钢特性81.6 研究内容及研究路线81.6.1 研究内容81.6.2 技术路线82实验过程92.1 实验材料92.2 试验设备102.3 焊接工艺过程102.3.1焊前清理102.3.2 ITER热锚电弧钎焊工艺试验112.4 组织观察与分析122.5显微硬度测试123实验结果与讨论133.1焊接角度及位置对接头质量的影响133.2钎剂对接头质量的影响153.3接头金相显微组织观察163.3接头显微硬度174结论18参考文献19附件1：20附件221附件322附件4：23附件5xxiv外文翻译26致 谢411概述1.1 引言“国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）计划”，（ITER：International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor），是目前全球规模最大的国际间科研合作项目之一3。自1985年美国和苏联提出建造国际热核聚变实验堆以来，ITER项目先后
