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1、Lot. Mag. Tokyo 90: 129141 1977Anatomical Study on the Shoot Apex of Osmunda japonica Thunb.关于紫萁枝条尖的解剖研究RYOKO JMAIcHI*Depart ,eent of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ockanomizu University, Oktsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112The ontogenetic and seasonal variations in the organization of the shoot apical meris
2、tem of Osmunda japonica Thunb. were investigated. The meristem is composed of an apical segmentation zone (SZ), a mother cell zone of the stele (MS) and a peripheral zone (PZ). A single apical cell is mostly discernible in all seasons throoghout the whole process of ontogeny observed in the present
3、study. The apical cell is usually four-sided, nearly triangular, with a regular segmentation pattern in transverse view. However, it is sometimes accurately three-sided with a highly regular segmentation pattern in the active season, while it is often four-sided, nearly trapezoid or five- or six-sid
4、ed, with a less regular segmentation pattern in the inactive season. The size of the apical cell represented by its free surface area increases with the increase in size of the plant body in the young plants. However, in the adolt plants, the size of the apical cell is smaller in the active season a
5、nd larger in the dormant season. The organization pattern of the shoot apical meristem of 0. joponica does not show an intermediate type between the eusporangiate and the leptosporangiate ferns, but the leptosporangiate fern type.对于紫萁枝条顶端分生组织的介体娄生和季节变异的机体形成过程我们已有所了解。其分生组织包括顶端分节区域（SZ），中柱的母细胞区域（MS）和外周
6、区域（PZ）。在目前的研究中指出单个顶端细胞在个体发生整个过程的各个时期大部分可被识别。在横向视野中顶端细胞通常是接近三角形的四边形，具有一个规律性的分节模式。然而，有时候它会是具有高度规律分节模式的标准三边形在生长活跃期，在生长不活跃的时期它又经常是四边形，接近梯形或五边六边形，并罕有规律分节模式。在幼年植物中，顶端细胞的大小是由它的自由表面积随着植物体大小的增长而增长来表现的。然而，在成年植物中，顶端细胞的大小在生长活跃期会变小，在休眠期会变大。紫萁的枝条顶端分生组织的构成模式不能说明它是存在于厚囊蕨类和薄囊蕨类之间的中间型，而是属于薄囊蕨类植物。Shoot apical patterns
7、 in pteridophytes have aroused a renewed interest in recent years in regard to the zonation and tissue differentiation within the apical meristem (McAlpin and White, 1974; Hbant-Mauri, 1975) and to the activity of the apical cell (IJAmato, 1975).With regard to the shoot apices of the Filicales, it i
8、s generally accepted that in the leptosporangiate ferns there is clearly a single apical cell, usually with the shape of a tetrahedron, while in the eusporangiate ferns as exemplified by the Marattiaceae a few initial cells are recognized instead of an apical cell (Bower, 1889; Wardlaw, 1945; Gntten
9、berg, 1966).蕨类植物的茎端模式中关于顶端分生组织内部的成带现象和组织分化(McAlpin and White, 1974; Hbant-Mauri, 1975)以及顶端细胞的活性(IJAmato, 1975).在近年来引起了更新的关注。还有关于真蕨目的枝条根尖，普遍公认的是在薄囊蕨类植物中是一个明显的，形状为四面体的顶端细胞，而在厚囊蕨类中是由Marattiaceae证明的公认的由少数原始细胞代替顶端细胞。With respect to shoot apical patterns and other additional characters Bower (1889) regard
10、ed the Osmundaceae with the irregular shoot apical meristem as occupying an intermediate phylogenetic status between the leptosporangiate and the ensporangiate ferns.Later, Cross (1931) reached the same conclusion showing that the shoot apex of Osmunda cinnamomea grew by means of an apical cell in t
11、he sporeling stage. the pattern generally seen in the leptosporangiate ferns, and that as the plant reached maturity the identity of the original apical cell became obscure and growth took place* by the activity of two or more initials as observed in the eusporangiate ferns.On the other hand, Steeve
12、s (1963) reported on the adult plant of 0. cinnamomea that the segmentation pattern in the superficial layer of the shoot apex, and consequently the distinctness of the apical cell, were phenomena which exhibited seasonal variations. 在枝条顶端模式和另外的特征方面Bower (1889)认为带有不规则变化的枝条顶端分生组织的蕨类是类似于植物系统发生过程中位于薄囊和
13、厚囊蕨类之间的中间情形。后来，Cross (1931)得出了相同的结论说明Osmunda cinnamomea的枝条尖的生长是依靠孢子期的顶端细胞。这种模式在薄囊蕨类中能普遍看到，在厚囊蕨类中可以观察到，当植物体到达成熟期的时候，原始顶端细胞的特性会变得模糊不清，会因为两个或更多的原始细胞的活性使其生长发生变化。在另一方面， Steeves (1963)提出在0. cinnamomea的成熟植株上，分节模式位于枝条尖的表皮层，结果导致顶端细胞的显著差异，这是带有季节性变化的现象。The present study has been done to clarify the organizatio
14、n of the shoot apical meristem of Osmuncla japon ica Thunb. in regard to the variations during growth from the juvenile to the adult stages as well as during seasons of the year.先前的研究已经让我们清楚地了解到紫萁枝条顶端分生组织的机体形成。关于从幼年期到成年期的生长的变化也就是在不同季节中的变化。Materials and Methods材料和方法More than three hundred rhizomes, young and aged, of Osmunda japonica were used as materials. They were collected near the Fudago Station of Tokyo University Forest in Chiba at about the beginning of every month from September, 1974 unti
