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1、一,二,三,一、表示逻辑联系的并列连词 由并列连词将两个或两个以上平等关系的简单句连接在一起构成的句子叫并列句。其结构模式是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。 1.联合或递进关系 常用的连词有and(同,和),not only.but (also).(不仅而且),neither.nor.(既不也不),as well as(既又;以及)等。如: He helps me and I help him.他帮我,我帮他。 Not only did he give us a lot of advice,but he also helped us to study English. 他不仅给了我们很多建议,并且
2、还帮助我们学英语。,一,二,三,2.选择关系 常用的连词有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either.or(不是就是)。如: Hurry up,or (else) youll be late. 快点儿,否则就会迟到了。 Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 他那时还在那里还是已经走了? 3.转折关系 常用的连词有but(但是,可是,只是因为),while(而,却),yet(可是)等。如: It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。 I like tea while s
3、he likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。(while强调两者的对比) She said she would be late,yet she arrived on time. 她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。,一,二,三,(1)副词still(仍然),however(然而)也表示转折关系。 He is good-natured;still I dont like him. 他脾气很好,可是我还是不喜欢他。 The book is expensive;however,its worth it. 这本书很贵;却很值。 (2) but,while不与although连用,但yet,
4、still可与although连用。 Although she felt ill,she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服,但她仍然去上班。,一,二,三,4.因果关系 常用的连词有for(因为)和so(所以,因此)等。如: I am thirsty,for it is hot. 我口渴,因为天气太热。 The manager was ill,so I went in her place. 经理病了,所以我代她去。 5.when(=and just at this time)用作并列连词意思是“就在这时/那时”,主要用于was/were doing sth.when st
5、h./sb.did;was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb.did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一件事”。 I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开,电话铃响了。,一,二,三,二、状语从句的类型以及连词的选择 状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、比较、目的状语从句等。通过主从句之间的逻辑关系来判断状语从句的类型,再根据意义选择使用恰当的连接词
6、。同时,要注意主从句时态搭配的问题。当主句用一般将来时态时,状语从句通常用一般现在时,有时亦可用现在完成时态。,一,二,三,1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的有when,while,as,whenever。如: Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。,一,二,三,when,while与as引导时间状语从句的区别 当主句动作是非延
7、续的,从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while从句的谓语必须是延续的,不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home.,一,二,三,(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before,after。如: Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 After we have finished tea,
8、we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。 (3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since,until,till。如: Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。 Hold on until I fetch help.坚持一下,等我找人来帮忙。 Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.(谚)不要无事惹事。,一,二,三,(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词主要的有as soon as,the moment,the minut
9、e,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,no sooner.than,hardly.when等。如: Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接到她的信就通知你。 The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。 I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。 Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦
10、开始,便不可停下来。,一,二,三,(5) 表示“上次”“下次”“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: Ill tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时,我就把这个情况告诉他。 We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。
11、You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。,一,二,三,2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if,unless,as/so long as,in case,once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),suppose/supposing (that) 等。如: Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。 As long as youre happy,it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴,你做什么都没
12、关系。 In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨,他们就待在家里。,一,二,三,3.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that,so that,in case(以免,以防),for fear等。如: He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每个人都能听见。 Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞,以防下雨。 4.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that,so.that,such.t
13、hat等。如: I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早,所以找了个好座位。 I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤,以至于全身都是青一块紫一块的。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。,一,二,三,5.引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because,as,since,seeing (that),now (t
14、hat),considering (that),in that等。表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的 so 连用。,because,since,as,for的用法区别 (1)because的语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行: “Why didnt he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他为什么没来?”“因为他病了。” It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因为他诚实我才喜欢他。 (2) since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译
15、为“因为”、“既然”,语气比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。如: Since he asks you,youll tell him why. 他既然问你,那就告诉他为什么吧。,一,二,三,(3) as是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。例如: As I had a cold,I was absent from school. 因为我感冒了,所以没去上课。 (4)for可表示因果关系,也可对前面分句的内容进行解
16、释或推断,此时不能与because换用。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨,你看今早上地面是湿的。,一,二,三,6.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although,though,even though,even if,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,whether.or.等。如: Although they are twins,they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生,但是相貌却完全不同。 You wont move that stone,however strong you are. 不管你力气多大,也休想搬动那块石头。 Whatever we have achieved,we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的
