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1、分 类 号 密 级 U D C 单位代码 10151 基于细观力学的沥青混合料黏弹性能研究 指导教师 职称教授/博导 副教授/博士学位授予单位大连海事大学申请学位级别工学硕士学科（专业）道路与铁道工程论文完成日期2011.5答辩日期2011.6答辩委员会主席 Study on Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Based on Micromechanics A Thesis Submitted toDalian Maritime UniversityIn partial fulfillment of the requirements for
2、 the degree ofMaster of EngineeringbyWang Zhichen(Highway and Railway Engineering) Thesis Supervisor: Professor Zhao YinghuaAssociate Professor Guo NaishengJune 2011中文摘要摘 要传统的沥青混合料设计和研究多局限于采用表象和经验法来分析宏观指标和路用性能的关系，忽略了复杂的内部微细观结构，难以揭示材料变形和破坏的物理机理。沥青混合料为典型的黏弹性材料，其黏弹性能与路用性能密切相关。本文将沥青混合料视为多相复合材料，基于细观力学理论研
3、究沥青混合料的组分材料性能和内部结构特征对其黏弹性能的影响。首先，通过蠕变试验和动态模量试验分析了沥青混合料及沥青砂浆的黏弹性能变化规律，并对其影响因素进行探讨。其次，应用复合材料细观力学理论，对Hashin复合球模型进行改进和简化，并根据黏弹性对应原理，建立了沥青混合料黏弹性能的细观力学模型。该模型将沥青混合料视为由粗集料和空隙夹杂相镶嵌于沥青砂浆基体而成的三相复合材料，且考虑了集料尺寸、级配组成和各组分相力学性能的作用。应用该模型对沥青混合料的蠕变和松弛性能进行预测，分析了各组分相性能和集料级配对其黏弹性能的影响，并将预测结果与试验结果进行比较分析。结果表明，两者之间存在一定的误差，而产生
4、此误差的原因可归结为模型的基本假设与真实结构的差异，以及未能准确表征各组分相间的相互作用。据此，提出中间过渡层(ITL)的存在性，以此对模型进行修正，修正后模型的预测结果与试验结果较为一致。此外，本文对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的黏弹性能进行了研究，通过蠕变试验和动态模量试验分析了橡胶颗粒掺量对沥青混合料黏弹性能的影响，并对橡胶颗粒的作用机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明，该种类型的沥青混合料具有良好的低温松弛性能，但高温蠕变性能较差，由此确定合理的橡胶颗粒掺量值为2%。基于Mori-Tanaka方法建立了橡胶颗粒沥青混合料黏弹性能的细观力学模型，应用试验结果对模型的预测精度进行验证分析。关键词：黏弹性；沥
5、青混合料；细观力学；沥青砂浆；橡胶颗粒 英文摘要AbstractTraditional design and research focused on the relationship between macro index and performance of asphalt mixtures through phenomenological and experiential methods, which is difficult to reveal physical mechanism of material deformation and distress. However, the mi
6、crostructure of asphalt mixtures is far more complicated. Asphalt mixtures is one of typical viscoelastic materials, there are close relations between its viscoelasticity and road performance. In this paper, asphalt mixtures are treated as a multiphase composite, the effect of material properties an
7、d internal structure on its viscoelasticity is researched based on micromechanics.Firstly, creep performance and dynamic modulus test of asphalt mixtures and asphalt mortar are conducted to analyze variations of viscoelasticity respectively, and the factors which affect the viscoelasticity are discu
8、ssed. Secondly, using micromechanics of composite materials, Hashin composite spheres model is improved and simplified, and based on the elasctic-viscoelastic correspondence principle, a micromechanical model is developed to predict the viscoelasticity of asphalt mixtures. In this model, asphalt mix
9、tures are regarded as a three-phase composite by embedding the coarse aggregate and air void into the asphalt mortar. Effect of aggregate size, aggregate gradation and air void distribution are taken into account in this model. Creep and relaxation properties of asphalt mixtures are predicted with t
10、he newly developed model, and the factors affecting the viscoelasticity are also explored. Laboratory experiments results are used to verify the developed model. Results show that a discrepancy exists between the predicted and measured viscoelasticity, the reasons for the discrepancy may be attribut
11、ed to the differences between assumption of model and internal structure, interface interaction of each phase. Thus, the intermediate transition layer (ITL) is proposed, and the model is modified based on the analysis above. It can be found that the predicted results agree reasonably well with the m
12、easured ones using the modified model. 英文摘要Moreover, the viscoelasticity of granulated crumb rubber (GCR) modified asphalt mixtures is also investigated in this paper, the effect of GCR content on viscoelasticity of asphalt mixtures is analyzed through creep performance and dynamic modulus test, and
13、 the mechanism of GCR are also researched. Results indicate that this types of asphalt mixture has better low temperature relaxation property than high temperature creep performance, the reasonable content of GCR by weigh of asphalt mixture is 2% considered the factors above. The viscoelastic microm
14、echanical model of GCR modified asphalt mixtures is also created based on the Mori-Tanaka method, and predicted precision of the model is verified and analyzed compared with the tested results.Key words：Viscoelastic；Asphalt Mixtures；Micromechanics；Asphalt Mortar；Granulated Crumb Rubber目录目 录第1章 绪 论11
15、.1 课题背景及意义11.2 国内外研究现状31.2.1 沥青混合料的黏弹性能31.2.2 沥青混合料的细观力学模型41.2.3 橡胶颗粒沥青混合料61.3 本文主要研究内容7第2章 基本理论介绍92.1 黏弹性本构理论92.1.1 积分型本构关系92.1.2 本构模型理论102.2 复合材料细观力学理论152.2.1 Mori-Tanaka方法152.2.2 广义自洽法172.3 本章小结21第3章 沥青混合料及沥青砂浆的黏弹性能试验223.1 沥青混合料及沥青砂浆试件223.1.1 试验材料223.1.2 最佳沥青用量的确定223.1.3 试件制作方法263.2 蠕变性能试验263.2.1 试验方法263.2.2 试验结果分析273.2.3 蠕变性能分析283.2.4 基于蠕变试验的松弛性能分析313.3 动态模量试验323.3.1 试验方法323.3.2 试验结果分析333.4 本章小结35第4章 沥青混合料黏弹性能的细观力学模型374.1 细观力学模型的建立384.1.1 弹性
