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1、.,Unit 1 Man and Nature,.,Get Started,Work in pairs and discuss the following questions: We human beings live on the earth and always keep developing our civilization. Do you think man lives in harmony with nature now? Do you think that man has been destroying nature? Could you give some examples? W
2、hat do you think we should do to preserve nature?,Man believing something is important,All the people present are concerned with childrens education.,他的项目是将这项技术应用于实际的商务问题。,His project is concerned with applying the technology to practical business problems.,concerned with 关注，关心；与相关 concerned about /
3、 for 担心，关爱 concerned to do sth. 专注于做某事 as far as is concerned 就而言,Collocations:,New Words very great,The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.,一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。,A bad tooth can cause acute pain.,acute disease 急性病 acute anxiety 急剧焦虑 acute shortage 严重短缺 acute sense 敏锐的感觉 acute mind 机智的头脑,Col
4、locations:,New Words cause, effect; Illustration (例释) It means to illustrate the central ideas by using facts or examples. e.g. general examples, specific examples; data Both of these two ways should be used when you are writing an argumentation.,Further Development,.,Development (Sample),Secondly,
5、drinking soybean milk is healthier than drinking milk. Milk is good for health, but it has cholesterol and lactose while soybean milk does not. Thus, those who have a habit of drinking milk have a higher risk of getting hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, for they may take in too much
6、 cholesterol and lactose. By contrast, the habit of drinking soybean milk keeps people in a safer distance from being caught by those diseases, and at the same time contributes to strengthening immunity and maintaining physical condition. Accordingly, soybean milk is more beneficial to health. The w
7、riter makes a contrast between soybean milk and milk. Besides, he achieves the conclusion via stating the reasons.,Further Development,.,Illustration (Sample),Last but not least, the increasing convenience of modern life hinders people from taking sufficient exercises to keep fit. For example, they
8、now go to work and back home by bus, by car or by tube instead of on foot or by bike. Another example is that diversified TV programs have lured people to stay at home to be a couch potato while in the past people often went out and had a walk in the evening. Here, the writer supports his topic sent
9、ence with two well chosen examples.,Further Development,.,Man and the environment are closely related. However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. A harmonious relationship between man and nature is essential for human survival on the earth.,Directions: Write
10、a brief summary of the text. The topic sentence of each paragraph has been done for you.,.,2013年12月大学英语四级新题型 四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：,.,一般阅读过程,6.平时如何提高阅读技能,1) 阅读的过程首先是对文章主旨和作者观点的理解和把握,因为其他的细节内容都是为支持这些而服务的。因此我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章，做到了这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。,在有限的时间内要把握文章的主旨和作者的主要
11、观点可采用略读和跳读的方法，即集中注意力，不必记忆细节, 忽略个别生词及难懂的词句, 重点把握全文总体大意。首先把握每段的主要意思，阅读每段的段首句和段尾句或找到段落的主题句，留心反复出现的单词。在此基础上就可了解全文的大致内容。注意文章的开始段和结束段, 因为它们往往是对文章内容的概括。,.,2)集中注意力，阅读时以意群为组,我们在阅读过程中常常觉得时间不够用，或者是读完了文章，大部分单词的意思也都知道，却不明白这个句子或整篇文章讲了些什么。这主要是因为不良阅读习惯,如：,因此与读英语文章时应该以“意群”（meaningful thought group）为单位阅读, 即将单个的词语按照自然
12、的语法和意义关系组织起来。,“指读”, 即用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读； “回读”, 即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时, 返回到句首甚至段首重读；如果遇到长句, 常常反复多次； “译读”，即在阅读过程中, 不断把词, 短语, 以致句子译成母语来理解。 边看边读出声音，边看边用笔指着心里默念逐字阅读等 这些不良的阅读习惯都影响了阅读速度及理解。,.,Successful improvement of your reading depends upon your eagerness to improve and your willingness to practice.,如果你一个一个词来读这句
13、话, 你的视线就要在每个词上都要停留一次, 影响阅读速度, 如果以意群为单位, 即：,Successful improvement of your reading depends upon your eagerness to improve and your willingness to practice.,这样, 你的视线是在每个词组上停留, 停留次数减少,意义比较连贯,即使你的视线在词组上停留的时间要比在一个单词上停留的时间稍微长一些, 但因为意义容易理解, 总体时间还是要比前者短, 而且阅读质量提高了。词组越长, 阅读速度越快：,Successful improvement of you
14、r reading depends upon your eagerness to improve and your willingness to practice. 这样阅读的效果是你感觉阅读时, 你的视线在跳跃, 你的脑子来不及将英语翻译成中文, 就已经理解了。,以意群阅读举例：,.,3)理解意群间的关系,阅读时不能只停留在句子水平上, 仅仅理解孤立的句子, 但整篇文章讲的是什么则不甚了解。所以要从句子到段落理解，然后从段落到语篇水平的阅读理解,这样就会避免在阅读中见树不见林, 真正理解文章的意思。,阅读时仅仅理解了文章每句话的字面意思还是不够的，对文章更深层意思的理解还包括理解意群之间的关
15、系。具体来说，段落的阅读除了把握段落主题，细节事实内容，还要注意主题句，句与句之间的连词，理解段落内句与句之间的逻辑关系和细节事实的作用等。,连接词和短语能够体现句与句，段与段之间的关系，起到了阅读中路标的作用。连接词可表示的关系有：并列或递进；时间；对比与比较 ；举例；条件与因果关系等,.,4)难句与长句 抓句子主干、看句与句之间的逻辑关系,影响阅读的一个难点就是难句与长句。解决的关键是先抓句子主干，忽略其他繁多的修饰，附加 ，和插入成分。,5)根据文章意思做出合理的推断和结论,6)在上下文中理解词意,在阅读中同时要注意连贯阅读, 不要在个别词句上停留太长时间, 可能这个词句不特别重要, 或
16、者在你读到下文时就理解了,.,平时训练快速阅读时, 除了灵活运用查读和略读技巧之外,还要有意识地训练自己的短期记忆能力和眼睛移动的技能。 1)由于我们需要“带着问题找答案”,所以要靠短期记忆记住题目或 题目关键词的方式进行阅读。如果我们短期记忆不够好,阅读完了又忘了题目,再去看题定位, 速度变慢了,准确度则更是谈不上。 2)至于眼睛移动技巧(Eye Movement),则是通过训练来增加 我们眼睛在纸上每次停留时的跨度(Eye Span), 即增加每次能看到的单词数量,这样在阅读同 一段文字的时候,能够减少眼睛停留的次数,从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。,使用何种阅读技能是由阅读目的决定的,快速阅读过程,
